1 / 37

SOIL FERTILITY MANAGENT CULTIVATION TECHNIQUES CLAUDIO COCOZZA UNIVERSITY of BARI ITALY

SOIL FERTILITY MANAGENT CULTIVATION TECHNIQUES CLAUDIO COCOZZA UNIVERSITY of BARI ITALY. ORGANIC AGRICULTURE IS AN AGRONOMICAL TECHNIQUE RESPECTFUL TO NOT RENEWABLE RESOURCES SAFEGUARDING BIODIVERSITY AND ENVIRONMENT. IN ORGANIC AGRICULTURE, SOIL IS NOT A RENEWABLE RESOURCE

amish
Download Presentation

SOIL FERTILITY MANAGENT CULTIVATION TECHNIQUES CLAUDIO COCOZZA UNIVERSITY of BARI ITALY

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. SOIL FERTILITY MANAGENT CULTIVATION TECHNIQUES CLAUDIO COCOZZA UNIVERSITY of BARI ITALY

  2. ORGANIC AGRICULTURE IS AN AGRONOMICAL TECHNIQUE RESPECTFUL TO NOT RENEWABLE RESOURCES SAFEGUARDING BIODIVERSITY AND ENVIRONMENT

  3. IN ORGANIC AGRICULTURE, SOIL IS NOT A RENEWABLE RESOURCE ITS FERTILITY MUST BE PRESERVED AND POSSIBLY IMPROVED

  4. Two ways to establish the soil fertility • Organic matter balance • Plant uptake of nutrients

  5. Soil organic matter is the result of mineralization and immobilization processes Mineralization NH4+ NO3- PO43- SO42- Humic substances Immobilization

  6. Example of mineralization Glucose Starch CO2 production (% of initial Carbon) Cellulose Lignin Mineralization time (weeks)

  7. ORGANIC MATTER RESIDUES CAN MINERALIZE IN: • ONE YEAR • FROM 5 TO 25 YEARS • FROM 250 TO 2500 YEARS

  8. AN EMPYRICAL EVALUATION OF THE FRACTION THAT MINERALIZES IN ONE YEAR IS AS FOLLOWS: K2=1200/[(Clay+20)(Ctot+20)] K2 = annual mineralization coefficient (%) Clay = clay percentage from soil analysis Ctot = Total carbonate percentage from soil analysis 1.0 < K2 < 2.5 Clay soil  sandy soil

  9. THE SOIL SPECIFIC WEIGHT RANGES, ON AVERAGE, BETWEEN 900 TO 1400 kg/m3 CONSIDERING A DEPTH OF 0.4 mt, THE WEIGHT OF AN ECTARE (4000 m3) RANGES BETWEEN 3600 AND 5600 t IF THE ORGANIC MATTER CONTENT (FROM SOIL ANALYSIS) IS 1%, THE TOTAL ORGANIC MATTER WILL RANGE BETWEEN 36 AND 56 t IF K2 IS 2%, THE ORGANIC MATTER LOSS PER YEAR WILL RANGE BETWEEN 0.72 AND 1.12 t

  10. Example of isohumic coefficient (K1)

  11. Example of isohumic coefficient (K1)

  12. ANOTHER WAY TO DETERMINE THE NUTRIENT RETURN TO PRESERVE, AT LEAST, SOIL FERTILITY IS THE PLANT NUTRIENT UPTAKE

  13. THE EC RULE N. 2092/91 REGULATES THE ORGANIC PRODUCTION ONE SHOULD USE COVER CROPS AND RECYCLE NATIVE ORGANIC MATTER TO PRESERVE AND IMPROVE SOIL FERTILITY EXTERNAL RESOURCES HAVE TO BE APPLIED ONLY IN CASE OF STRINGENT NEED

  14. COVER CROPS SPONTANEOUS PLANTS LEGUMINOUS PLANTS ALONE OR MIXED WITH GRAMINACEOUS ONES

  15. BENEFITS OF COVER CROPS REDUCTION OF SOIL NUTRIENTS LEACHING BY BIOMASS FORMATION IMPROVEMENT OF SOIL FERTILITY THROUGH ATMOSPHERIC NITROGEN FIXATION AND, IN GENERAL, RHIZOSPHERIC EFFECT

  16. BENEFITS OF COVER CROPS THEY ACT AS A BRAKE ON SOIL EROSION THEY BRING FRESH ORGANIC MATTER WHEN PLOUGHED IN SOIL

  17. DISADVANTAGES OF COVER CROPS SOIL WATER CONSUMPTION SUPERIMPOSITION ON MAIN CULTURE INCREASING OF PRODUCTION COSTS

  18. HORSE BEAN AS COVER CROP IN A VINEYARD

  19. RECYCLE OF FARM RESIDUES

  20. PRUNING WOOD GROUND PRUNING WOOD

  21. PROBLEMS RELATED TO RECYCLE OF NATIVE ORGANIC MATTER SPREADING OF PARASITES ANOMALOUS COMPOSITION OF THE ORGANIC MATTER ECONOMICAL CONVENIENCE TO SELL COLTURE RESIDUES

  22. COMPOSTING PROCESS IS A WAY TO RE-USE THE AGRICULTURAL BY-PRODUCTS WITHOUT MEETING ANY PROBLEMS

  23. COVER CROPS AND NATIVE RESOURCES MAY NOT BE SUFFICIENT TO SAVE AND IMPROVE SOIL FERTILITY

  24. WHY? • BECAUSE OF: • SOIL TEXTURE • TILLING • IRRIGATION • HIGH TEMPERATURE • HIGH Ca CONTENT • SOIL C/N RATIO • SCARCITY OF SOME SOIL NUTRIENTS • INSOLUBILITY OF SOME SOIL NUTRIENTS • SOIL IS AN OPEN ECOSYSTEM

  25. LEGISLATION EC Rule n. 2092/91, annex IIA EC Rule n. 2003/2003 Decreto legislativo 217/2006

  26. DEFINITION Fertiliser and soil improver: any substance that, for its nutrient content or chemical, physical and biological characteristics, contributes to the improvement of the soil fertility or to the nutrition of cultivated plants

  27. DEFINITION Fertiliser: any substance, natural or synthetic, inorganic or organic, able to supplement crops with the main nutrients, according to forms and solubility prescribed by the law

  28. DEFINITION Soil improver: any substance, natural or synthetic, inorganic or organic, able to modify and improve chemical, physical, biological and mechanical soil properties.

  29. P INORGANIC FERTILIZER TO BE USED IN ORGANIC AGRICULTURE

  30. K INORGANIC FERTILIZER TO BE USED IN ORGANIC AGRICULTURE

  31. ORGANIC FERTILIZERS ARE MADE BY ORGANIC MATTER OF ANIMAL AND/OR VEGETABLE ORIGIN LINKED CHEMICALLY TO NITROGEN AND/OR PHOSPHORUS THE ORGANIC CARBON CONTENT HAS TO BE >7,5% • THEY CAN BE DIVIDED IN: • N ORGANIC FERTILIZER • NP ORGANIC FERTILIZER

More Related