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18th Century – The Enlightenment

18th Century – The Enlightenment. “The Enlightenment is a belief in the ability of the human mind and human enterprise to change the political, social, and economic framework of the world for the better” Begins with Scientific Revolution; Questioning the world around. .

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18th Century – The Enlightenment

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  1. 18th Century – The Enlightenment

  2. “The Enlightenment is a belief in the ability of the human mind and human enterprise to change the political, social, and economic framework of the world for the better” Begins with Scientific Revolution; Questioning the world around.

  3. Philosophes – major thinkers & writers of the day (met at salons to discuss issues) The goal is freedom - Use the printed word to spread ideas - Reform is possible, so let’s make our lives better! -Big question became, do we need God? Goals of Enlightenment

  4. 1) Government – calls for reform don’t fall on deaf ears = the creation of public opinion 2) Churches – -What is the nature of man? innately bad or innately capable of good -Humans will be good, if they think it’s valuable! (or else what’s the point of improving their lives on Earth) Makes life harder for two groups

  5. Deism = 1) God exists (nature proves it) 2) rewards and punishments after death based on how you lived your life 3) Religion based on accomplishment not prayer Different Beliefs than Christianity

  6. Wrote Leviathan Argued all people were selfish and greedy Need a strong central government to control the masses (absolute monarchs) Social Contract = giving up freedom to create government Thomas Hobbes

  7. Argued all people had life, liberty, and pursuit of property (Natural Rights: given to you at birth and never taken away) Social contract as well, but power comes from the people Rejects absolutism, states people are the power. Not the government. (State of Nature, come together, create government = power from consent of the governed) John Locke

  8. Wrote The Spirit of Laws Argued for a check and balance system to limit power of the government Sound familiar? (USA) Montesquieu

  9. Adamant defender of the French Revolution Criticized government and the church, famous quote “Kill the infamous thing” Detested inequality and corruption Voltaire

  10. People born good, as opposed to evil like Hobbes • Writes The Social Contract • Argues society corrupts and creates evil • “The General Will” should prevail, that government should be used to help the community. • Not ones self (sounds like socialism?) Jean Jacques Rousseau

  11. Philosophes discussing all men… Mary Wollstonecraft of Britain argued that women oppression is unjustified Beginning of women’s rights in 1792 in A Vidication of the Rights of Woman Role of Women?

  12. Capitalism rises, little government intervention (Laissez Faire) and private business drive the economy Adam Smith in Wealth of Nations argues the free market dictates winners and losers, chosen by the people. Capitalism driven by supply and demand (Need a balance to create growth) Economic Changes

  13. Revolutions in: • France • America • Latin America • South America • Challenge to the church authority, absolutism begins to decline. The Results of the Enlightenment?

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