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December 8 th , 2011. Ablative Abs0lute; Passive Periphrastic; Dative Agent. Ablative Absolute. A participial phrase in which a noun and participle, both in the ablative, are joined to the rest of a sentence.
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December 8th, 2011 Ablative Abs0lute; Passive Periphrastic; Dative Agent
Ablative Absolute • A participial phrase in which a noun and participle, both in the ablative, are joined to the rest of a sentence. • Usually describes the circumstances under which the action of the main verb took place. • The noun (i.e. The subject) of the ablative absolute, together with the participle modifying it are always in the ablative. • The subject of the ablative absolute cannot be referred to elsewhere in the clause. • Roma visa, virigaudebant – Rome having been seen, the men rejoiced. • Temporal: “When Rome was seen, the men rejoiced.” • Causal: “Since Rome had been seen, the men rejoiced.” • Concessive: “Although Rome had been seen, the men rejoiced.” • Note: The noun and the accompanying participle are in the ablative, but the participle can take direct objects, indirect objects etc. and where they do these will be in the required case. • Eoimperiumtenente, eventumtimeo – With him holding power, I fear the outcome.
The Passive Periphrastic • Gerundive (future, passive, participle) + appropriate form and tense of “sum”. • Gerundive and any predicate adjectives must agree in gender, number, and case. • Implies necessity or obligation. • Haecfeminalaudandaest= This woman ought to be praised. • Id faciendum est= This ought to be done. • Hic liber cum curalegenduserit= This book will have to be read with great care.
Dative of Agent • Agency usually expressed by ab + ablative with the element in the ablative expressing the agent by whom an action is done. • Agency can also be expressed by the dative in a passive periphrastic construction. • As a passive periphrastic, the use of the gerundive still provides a sense of obligation; the agent upon whom the obligation rests is in the dative (i.e. Dative of Agent). • Hic libermihicum curalegenduserit – Literally = “This book will be for me to be read with care.” – Better to translate it actively – “I will have to read this book with care.”
