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Absolutism

Absolutism. Chapter 21: Absolute Monarchs in Europe. Why Absolutism . Europe was experiencing a period of CRISIS Religious Crisis France: Wars of religion Edict of Nantes: Catholicism is OFFICIAL religion of France, but Huguenots (Protestant) were allowed. Economic & Social Crisis :

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Absolutism

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  1. Absolutism • Chapter 21: Absolute Monarchs in Europe

  2. Why Absolutism • Europe was experiencing a period of CRISIS • Religious Crisis • France: Wars of religion • Edict of Nantes: Catholicism is OFFICIAL religion of France, but Huguenots (Protestant) were allowed

  3. Economic & Social Crisis: • Inflation • Witchcraft • 30 Years War (1618-1648) • Disputes all over Germany over Peace of Augsburg • Treaty of Westphalia (1648) • German States could determine their own religion

  4. SOLUTION TO CRISES!!! • ABSOLUTISM: • Total Power • Divine right of kings • Centralization

  5. SPAIN • King Philip II • 1556-1598 (42 years)

  6. King Philip II of Spain • Nickname: Most Catholic King • Religious Policy: Consolidated his lands through his religion • Effects of Rule: • Most populated empire • Most bankrupt empire due to continual war

  7. Madrid, Spain: El Escorial • Built by Philip II in reaction to the Protestant Reformation

  8. EL ESCORIAL

  9. Spanish Empire

  10. Spanish Armada vs. England

  11. ENGLAND • Queen Elizabeth I • 1558-1603 (45 years)

  12. QUEEN ELIZABETH I OF ENGLAND • Nickname: The Virgin Queen • Religious Policy: New Act of Supremacy Protestantism, but “don’t ask don’t tell” • Killed Mary Queen of Scots as result

  13. Effects of Rule: • Established land in the U.S.-Virginia • Used her “marriage situation” as a ploy with Parliament • Golden Age-William Shakespeare

  14. FRANCE • King Louis XIV • 1644-1715 (71 years) • Longest reign of any European monarch

  15. King Louis XIV of France • Nickname: Sun King • Religious Policy: Tolerant [Catholic Nation], Limited Papal Power • Impact on Culture: Set the stage for ALL of Europe

  16. Effects of Rule: • Began ruling at age 5- “Kingmaker”=Mazarin • Centralized State-ruled totally by himself • Everyone wanted to get as close as they could • L ‘etat c’est moi! (I am the State) • Moves capital from Paris to Versailles • New World- Louisiana

  17. VERSAILLES • Louis XIV’s Palace • 2,000 acres of grounds • 200,000 trees, 80 miles of rows of trees • 210,000 flowers planted every year • 12 miles of enclosing walls • 50 fountains • 700 rooms; 67 staircases • 6,000 paintings; 2,100 sculptures • 5,000 items of furniture and “art objects”

  18. VERSAILLES Text

  19. pic of me at versailles

  20. RUSSIA • King Peter I • 1672-1725 (53 years)

  21. Peter I of Russia • Nickname: Peter the Great • Impacts on Culture: Spreads European Culture • WESTERNIZATION • Shave beards, wear modern clothing

  22. Peter I of Russia • Moves capital to St. Petersburg: “Window on the West”

  23. PRUSSIA • King Frederick II • 1740-1786 (46 years)

  24. Frederick II of Prussia • Nicknames: Royal Drill Sergeant or Frederick the Great • Effects of Rule: • Created the 4th largest army in all of Europe

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