1 / 12

Eukaryotic Gene Expression Regulation

Eukaryotic Gene Expression Regulation. Why are eukaryotes capable of regulating gene expression at multiple points?. Why is it essential that the cells of multicellular eukaryotes have a complex and tightly controlled regulatory system?. DIFFERENTIATION of Individual cells!

amora
Download Presentation

Eukaryotic Gene Expression Regulation

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Eukaryotic Gene Expression Regulation

  2. Why are eukaryotes capable of regulating gene expression at multiple points?

  3. Why is it essential that the cells of multicellular eukaryotes have a complex and tightly controlled regulatory system? • DIFFERENTIATION of Individual cells! • Specialized cells must maintain a specific program of gene regulation

  4. DNA Packing: Only Keep necessary genes accessible • Extensive coiling and folding • Histones: small proteins that associate with DNAto form Nucleosomes • Continued folding “supercoil” • This system can block transcription by preventing RNA polymerase to bind

  5. What is the purpose of adding methyl groups to DNA? • Marks regions with low or no transcriptional activity (Heterochromatin)

  6. Pre-Transcription • Regulatory Genes – Produce regulatory proteins (activators and repressors) • DNA sequences that can activate (enhancers) or inhibit (silencers) transcription

  7. What are transcription factors? • Any proteins that Mediate the transcription Process • T.F.s bind to specific DNA sequences and/or Other regulatory proteins • Can be activators or repressors

  8. What are transcription factors? • The combination of T.F.s binding to the Regulatory regions at any One time determines how Much, if any, of the gene Product will be produced • RNA polymerase cannot Bind without T.F.s present

  9. Why is it important that cells of multicellular organisms be able to control the availability of transcription factors in cells? • This enables cells of multicellular organisms to accomplish “differential gene expression” • This enables cells to differentiate! • This is CRUCIAL!!!

  10. Post-Transcription: Alternative Splicing

  11. Pre-Translation: micro RNAs • MiRNAs are produced After the transcript for them Is cleaved into multiple Fragments by a dicer protein • miRNAs complex with protein • Any mRNA with a Complementary sequence is “tagged with the miRNA/protein Complex • mRNA is not translated

More Related