Figure 3.1 Development of worker behavior in honey bees

1. Chapter 3 Opener A leafcutter ant worker carries a leaf back to the colony while a much smaller worker rides on the leaf to protect her sister against parasitic flies

2. Figure 3.1 Development of worker behavior in honey bees

3. Figure 3.2 Gene activity varies in the brains of nurse bees and foragers

4. Figure 3.3 Social environment and task specialization by worker honey bees

5. Figure 3.5 Imprinting in greylag geese

6. Figure 3.6 Cross-fostering has different imprinting effects in two related songbirds

7. Figure 3.7 Spatial learning by chickadees

8. Figure 3.8 A Clark’s nutcracker holding a seed in its bill that the bird is about to cache underground

9. Figure 3.9 Differences within a species in learned behavior

10. Figure 3.12 Kin discrimination in Belding’s ground squirrels

11. Figure 3.13 The ability of Belding’s ground squirrels to learn their own odor

12. Figure 3.14 Different wintering sites of blackcaps

13. Figure 3.15 Funnel cage for recording the migratory orientation of captive birds

14. Figure 3.16 Response to artificial selection on the fall migration departure date of blackcaps

15. Hirsch Maze

18. The evolutionary importance of heritability

19. Figure 3.18 Why do people differ in their test scores?

20. Figure 3.19 A coastal Californian garter snake about to consume a banana slug

21. Figure 3.20 Response of newborn, naïve garter snakes to slug cubes

22. Figure 3.24 Genetic differences cause behavioral differences in fruit fly larvae (Part 1)

23. Figure 3.24 Genetic differences cause behavioral differences in fruit fly larvae (Part 2)

24. Figure 3.25 Surrogate mothers used in social deprivation experiments

25. Figure 3.27 Developmental homeostasis in humans

26. Figure 3.28 Mating males of the damselfly Lestes viridis (red bars) have more symmetrical wings than unmated males (orange bars)

27. Brown et al. 2005 a, Mean dance ability of males (filled bars throughout) and females (open bars throughout) by level of bodily symmetry. Error bars represent 95% confidence intervals. P values for within-sex are shown. b, Mean strength of symmetry preference (that is, evaluations of asymmetrical dancers subtracted from evaluations of symmetrical dancers) by sex of dancer and sex of evaluator. Error bars represent 95% confidence intervals. P value at top of panel indicates significantly greater female than male evaluator preference for symmetrical male dancers.

28. Figure 3.31 Developmental switch mechanisms can produce polyphenisms within the same species

29. Figure 3.36 Male thynnine wasps can be deceived into “mating” with a flower

30. Peakall 1990 http://www.anu.edu.au/BoZo/orchid_pollination/

31. Peakall 1990 Males learn to avoid orchid over time (quicker decline in visits than for visits to females)

32. Peakall 1990 Male wasps revisit flowers when position is moved

33. Figure 3.38 Spatial learning abilities differ among members of the crow family

34. Figure 3.40 Sex differences in spatial learning ability are linked to home range size

35. Figure 3.42 Sex differences in the hippocampus

36. Kroodsma and Canady 1985 http://www.bwps.org/images/Competitions/Digital/2005-2006/May06/AA_MarshWrenHanging_IDicker.jpg

37. Kroodsma and Canady 1985

38. Figure 3.45 Vampire bats cannot form learned taste aversions