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Spain and England in the New World

Spain and England in the New World. Cortés’ Conquest. Ruthless conquistador toppled the Aztecs Disease wiped out millions Was able to conquer the Aztecs with just 600 men, 17 horses, dogs, and 10 cannons Doña Marina aka Malinche served as translator. Tenochtitlán. New Spain.

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Spain and England in the New World

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  1. Spain and England in the New World

  2. Cortés’ Conquest • Ruthless conquistador toppled the Aztecs • Disease wiped out millions • Was able to conquer the Aztecs with just 600 men, 17 horses, dogs, and 10 cannons • Doña Marina aka Malinche served as translator

  3. Tenochtitlán

  4. New Spain • After burning Tenochtitlán, Cortés put plans in place for the colony of New Spain • Tenochtitlán becomes Mexico City • Temples and palaces become cathedrals and European looking buildings • Mixing of native and European people groups create a large mestizo population

  5. Presence in Florida • 1513 – Ponce de Leon discovers and names Florida • 1562 – weakened by disease and squabbles with natives, Spanish give up interests in FL • Months later, forces led by Pedro Menendez de Aviles return to drive new French colonists out of the region • 1565 – St. Augustine founded

  6. New Mexico • 1540 – Francisco Vasquez de Coronado explores lands including modern Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, Oklahoma, and Kansas • No precious metals found, priests and other Roman Catholic missionaries move in • “Camino Real” connects Mexico City with Santa Fe

  7. Native Rebellion • Along with Christianity, the missionaries forced Spanish culture on native people • 1680 – Pueblo religious leader Popé leads uprising of 17,000 people, successfully regained control of New Mexico for the next 14 years

  8. England Emerges • 1588 – English navy defeats the Spanish Armada in the Atlantic • Joint Stock Companies allow for widespread investment in the colonies • The Virginia Company granted charter to found Jamestown in 1606

  9. John Smith and the Powhatan • Initial struggles due to focus on finding gold • John Smith forces colonists to begin farming • Powhatan agree to provide food • 1609 – with Smith in England, the Powhatan begin killing livestock and destroying farms, leading to “the starving time” • Out of 600 new colonists, 60 survived

  10. John Smith

  11. Jamestown Finally Sees Success • New leaders stabilized the colony by enforcing labor regulations • Tobacco, which became known as “brown gold,” becomes highly profitable • Headright System – new colonists received 50 acres of land • Indentured servants flocked from England • Africans also serve as indentured servants

  12. More Conflict • Unlike the Spanish, the English did not mix with the Native Americans they conquered • Colonists demanded tributes of corn and labor from Powhatan villages • 1614 – Pocahontas marries John Rolfe • 1622 – Powhatan raiding parties kill 340 colonists • 1624 – Virginia becomes a royal colony

  13. Bacon’s Rebellion • 1676 – Nathaniel Bacon assembles an army of frontier colonists to fight Native Americans • Governor Berkeley declares the army illegal • Bacon marched on Jamestown to confront leaders about the frontier’s lack of representation • Bacon’s men burned the city and Berkeley fled • 100 years later, these issues would reemerge…

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