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Sec. 1.3 France and England in the New World. Questions. 1. Most of the settlers in the French colonies were __________traders. 2. England’s first colony in 1607 was called _____________ 3. What geographical feature prevented the English colonies from expanding westward?. Answers.
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Questions 1. Most of the settlers in the French colonies were __________traders. 2. England’s first colony in 1607 was called _____________ 3. What geographical feature prevented the English colonies from expanding westward?
Answers 1. Fur: particular Beaver Pelts • Jamestown • Appalachian Mountains
Vocab. • Joint-Stock Colony: A colony set up and owned by a group of investors with the purpose of making a profit. • Royal Colony: Colony owned/financed and protected by the King. (ex. Maryland)
Vocab. • Proprietary Colony: Colony owned by a private individual or private company. (ex. Pennsylvania) • Plymouth Colony: A colony founded for religious freedom by Puritan settlers from England.
Vocab. • Columbian Exchange: The Transfer of plants, animals, germs, and ideas between the Old World (Europe & Asia) and the New World (North & South America). • Examples: Horses, Smallpox, Turkeys, Tobacco, Mercantilism, & Democracy.
French & Indian War • War in 1754 between Great Britain (England) and France over the land in North America. • The French and Indian War is the French & Indians versus England. The French & Indians are on the same side, not against each other. Together they are fighting the English (Great Britain). • Great Britain (England Wins!)
Following Spain • During the 16th century, Spain became rich from the gold it took from its colony, New Spain. • Soon France and England became interested in establishing colonies.
France • Just like Spain, France also had aspirations to sail west to the New World to create colonies. • Jacques Cartier reached the eastern side of what is today Canada. • He claimed the region for France and it became the base of France’s colonial Empire known as New France
France also explored and colonized the areas around the Great Lakes, and upper Mississippi. • Later they also established a colony in the lower Mississippi region, naming it Louisiana after the French King, Louis XIV. • The main economic activity of the French colonies was not gold, like the Spanish, but the fur trade. • During the 1500’s the hottest fashion in Europe was Beaver fur hats.
The French made a fortune off the Fur Trade. • Fur was rare in Europe and very expensive. • The French were only interested in colonies to make money, not to expand territory.
France’s Explorers • da Verrazano- NC to Newfoundland • Cartier- St. Lawrence River
England • Soon the English would also become involved in the New World. • A group of London investors were granted a charter (written permission) from King James in 1606 to sail to America and build a colony. • The group would make the 4 month voyage and land in what is today Virginia.
England’s Big Man • Cabot- Newfoundland
The settlement was named Jamestown after the King of England. The main goal of the people in the colony was to make money. • Their first activity was to look for gold. This took up time that should have been spent planting crops. • During the first few years, 7 out of every 10 colonist died of hunger, disease, or fighting with the Native Americans. • Even though times were hard, eventually, the colony became the English foothold in America.
Plymouth Colony • At the same time Jamestown was being established, another group from England, the Pilgrims founded another English colony in Plymouth, Massachusetts. • Unlike the investors that founded Jamestown, the Puritans wanted a place to worship freely and escape the Anglican Church of England.
The colony of Jamestown had been about making money. The Puritans had a goal of establishing a Christian colony that would be a model to the rest of the world.
Colonies Grow • By 1750, 1.3 million English settlers lived in 13 colonies along the Atlantic coast of North America. • The English pushed all of the Dutch out of the New World. (ex. New Amsterdam changing to New York) • The French focused on the northern section of the continent and the Midwestern region.
Impact on Native Americans • The effects of colonization on the Native American Indians was disastrous. • The French got along better with Native Americans because they were involved in the fur trade. • The English wanted to populate the colonial land that they had claimed. They fought Native Americans over land.
Fighting for North America • As the colonies of England and France grew, they challenged each other over control of North America. • In 1754 the French and English clash over land in the New World in the French and Indian War. (paraphrase) • The English defeated the French and claimed most of their land.
In 1763 the British colonist, with help from the British Army, defeat the French and took most of the land in the New World.
English vs. French Colonies *Grew Tobacco * Fur Traders *Fought against the * Allied with Native Americans Natives *Fast growing * Slow growing settlements settlements *Small amount of land * Large amount of land *Gave people a voice in * Ruled by King Louis government XIV (14)
The Caribbean • Both the English and the French established colonies on the Caribbean islands. • These islands were used to grow tobacco and sugar on plantations. • These products brought huge profits to France and England, however, they required a large labor force. Eventually, the need for this labor would lead to the enslavement of Africans, and the Atlantic Slave Trade.
