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Colonial Times. Chapter 4 and 5. Vocabulary. petition. A written request given to an official. economy. A system for producing and delivering goods that people need and want. indentured servant.
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Colonial Times Chapter 4 and 5
petition • A written request given to an official
economy • A system for producing and delivering goods that people need and want.
indentured servant • A person who had their trip to the colony paid for, and in return they would work for that person for a certain period of time (after this time the person was free)
indentured servant • A person who had to work to pay off the cost of their trip to the colonies.
slave • A person who is owned by another person and is forced to work for that person, often times being mistreated. A slave is not free.
slavery • The practice of using slaves as a workforce
slave trade • the buying and selling of enslaved people
service • a job that helps people
merchant • buys and sells goods to make money
goods • food, clothing, other supplies
assembly • a group of people who make decisions
delegate • A person chosen to represent people in the assembly
apprentice • works with a more skilled person to learn the skill
manor • A manor was a large piece of land owned by one land owner. Other people rented land from the landowner and paid rent in the form of crops.
New York becomes an English Colony • England had colonies all along the Atlantic coast in what are now: • Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, Virginia, and Maryland
England’s colonies in North America were in these present day states Massachusetts Connecticut Maryland Rhode Island Virginia
England claims the colony • Charles II, felt that England had a claim to New Netherland because of John Cabot’s voyages • He “gave” New Netherland to his brother, James, The Duke of York. • The Duke of York, James, sent war ships to New Amsterdam and demanded that the Dutch surrender
Stuyvesant takes a stand • At first Peter Stuyvesant didn’t want to surrender • People of the colony were not willing to fight the powerful English Navy, they knew they didn’t stand a chance! • The signed a petition asking Stuyvesant to surrender
New Netherland becomes New York • On September 8 Stuyvesant handed over control of the colony to the English • Almost 40 years of Dutch control came to an end • English divided the colony into two parts, the smaller part was name New Jersey • The larger part was name New York • New Amsterdam was renamed New York City
Dutch colonists treated fairly • Dutch colonists were allowed to keep their jobs, ownership of their land, and to speak Dutch – their native language • As long as the swore loyalty to the King of England they were allowed to carry on with their lives • Offered free passage back to the Netherlands if they didn’t want to stay (no one took the offer) • Dutch and the English got along well, even shared a church
People settled in New York from all over the world. They came for a variety of reasons.
New York’s economy grows • Albany and New York City were major trading centers • New Yorkers traded goods like lumber and grain with England and England’s other colonies • Ship building also became an important part of the economy. Ship building also resulted in a need for rope makers, linen weavers, and sail makers. • Fur trade became less important • Whaling – capturing and killing whales for their blubber became a big business.
New Yorkers use natural resources • New Yorkers used the natural resources in New York to meet their needs and wants • Some goods they made from natural resources were beef, wood, and wheat • New Yorkers had more of these goods than they needed so they sold them to merchants • Merchants would sell, or trade these goods for money or other goods
England’s 13 colonies • By 1733 England had 13 colonies along the eastern shore • As the number of colonists grew they took over more and more of the Native American lands • This led to more disagreements between the colonists and Native Americans
Reasons people came to the colonies • hoping to find land • hoping to find work • for religious freedom
People came to New York from: • Great Britain (England, Scotland, &Wales) • France • Germany • Africa (mostly as slaves)
From many places with many cultures • People brought their cultures and traditions with them to the colonies
Examples of cultural contributions • Dutch – ice skating • Huguenots – built stone houses • English - tennis
Slavery in New York • When England first took over the colonies there were about 700 Africans living in the colony • Some were free, some owned land, some were slaves • Over the next 100 years that number jumped to 20,000 mostly due to the slave trade
Slave - work • Slaves did many of the same types of jobs other colonists did. However they were not free, and did not get paid for their work. • Worked on farms • In homes • As artisans (carpenter, shoemakers, blacksmiths ect.)
Escaping • One way slaves could gain freedom was to escape from their owners. • Some slaves used the Underground Railroad • Some slaves escaped to Native American lands. May Native Americans welcomed and helped slaves who were trying to escape • Escaping was risky and dangerous many were punished harshly if caught.
City Life • Colonial New York had two major cities New York City and Albany • People had different types of jobs in cities. • Artisans (blacksmiths, carpenters, printers, shoe makers ect.) • Some merchants opened stores or inns
Colonial Government • People from the colonies elected colonists to an assembly • Only white men could vote • Voters could not choose the governor • Governors were selected by the leaders of Britain
Peter Zenger – freedom of press • It was against the law to speak out against the government especially if it was printed in a paper • Peter Zenger printed true statements about the governor and was arrested when he wouldn’t tell who wrote the articles • Zenger and his lawyer felt as long as what was printed was true you should be allowed to speak about the government freely even if it is against the government
Colonial Schools • In New Amsterdam children went to school year round this changed when the colony was taken over by the English • In the English colony children went to school only for about 3 months a year. • Very few boys went to school for more than three years and girls went even less.
Colonial Schools • Classes that had once been taught in Dutch were changed to English • Schools were not free public schools, each family had to pay the teacher • An example of the cost would be six pennies a week for reading, math and writing would be more. • Pennies were worth more than they are today but still this was not a lot of money. Teachers usually had to find other jobs. • If families couldn’t afford to send their children to school they might have gone to a school run by their church.
Other education • Apprentice • Many children became apprentices, learning a skill or trade • At about age 12 children would move in with an artisan or craftsman he/she would be taught the trade or skill, be given clothing, food and a place to live. In exchange he/she worked for the artisan
