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The Rise of Nation-States in Medieval Europe

Explore the consolidation of power by European monarchies and the formation of nation-states, key figures like William the Conqueror, Magna Carta, Joan of Arc, influence of Hundred Years War, and impact of the Crusades and Black Death.

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The Rise of Nation-States in Medieval Europe

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  1. Middle Ages: Europe The Rise of Nation-States

  2. Rise of Nation States • Background: European monarchies consolidated power and began forming nation-states in thelate medieval period. • Nation-states are large groups of people who are ruled by one central government, who share a common language and who feel a sense of loyalty to the group.

  3. England 1. William the Conqueror– leader of the Norman Conquest, origninally from France • unitedmost of England after the Battle of Hastings(1066 C.E.) 2. Common Law -developed in the course of time from the rulings of judges • the reign of Henry II (12th century)

  4. England 3. King John signed the Magna Carta in 1215 C.E.which limited the King’s power, gave more power to nobles: **Parliament** 4. The Hundred Years War between England and France helped define England as a nation. (War for the throne of France, France won, 1337 – 1453)

  5. King John of England

  6. France 1. Hugh Capet established the French throne in Paris, and his dynasty gradually expanded their control over most of France. (He succeeded the last Carolingian king) 987 C.E. 

  7. 2. The Hundred Years War between England and France helped define France as a nation. (War for the throne of France, France won, 1337 – 1453)

  8. France: Joan of Arc 3. Joan of Arc was a unifying factor in the Hundred Years War for the French forces • God told her kickthe English out • Won at Orleans – huge turning point (1429 C.E.) • Captured, condemned as a witchand a heretic (England) • Burnedat the stake 1431 C.E. • Charles II of France did not come to her aid

  9. Spain • Ferdinand & Isabella unified the country and expelled Muslim Moors during a time called the Reconquista (late 15th century) • Reconquista- a series of battles by Christians to recapture territory from the Muslims (Moors)

  10. Spain 3. Spanish Empire in the Western Hemisphere expanded under Phillip II (mid 16th century) Spain David Kim Philip Cho; 2. slideshare.net

  11. Russia 1. Ivan the Great (15th century) • Threw off the rule of the Mongolsin Russia • Centralized power in Moscow • Expanded the Russian nation

  12. Russia 2. Power was centralized in the hands of the tsar (czar). Ivan IV, until then tsars were known as the Grand Prince of all Russia (1547). 3. The Orthodox Church influenced unification

  13. The Crusades were carried out by Christian political & religious leaders to take control of the Holy Land from the Muslims The Crusades http://www.bbc.co.uk/education/guides/zjbj6sg/revision/4

  14. Economic Causes • Youngersonslooking for land and the ability to increase social status • Merchantsmade $ by making loansand leasing ships • Increase trade with Muslim traders

  15. Religious Causes • Crusaders were guaranteed a place in Heaven • Reclaim Holy Land for Christianity

  16. Pope Urban II • The pope promised remission of sins: “All who die by the way, whether by land or by sea, or in battle against the pagans, shall have immediate remission of sins. This I grant them through the power of God with which I am invested.” (Council of Clermont- 1095)

  17. 1st Crusade • Recaptured Jerusalem 1099 C.E. • Establishedthe Crusader States: • Jerusalem • Edessa • Tripoli • Antioch

  18. Crusades • 2nd: 1147- Edessa was attacked by Muslims • 3rd: 1187- Saladin retakes Jerusalem (King Richard the Lion-Hearted vs. Saladin = truce) • 4th: 1204- Sack of Constantinople https://www.timetoast.com/timelines/crusades--64

  19. Saladin –important Muslim military & political leader in the 12 century • 3rd Crusade leads Muslim army & retakes Jerusalem from Christians • Signs truce with Richard Lion-Hearted, Christians pilgrims can visit • Jerusalem never regained by Crusaders

  20. Effects of the Crusades 1. Weakened the Pope; strengthened Monarchs 2. Stimulated trade throughout the Mediterranean area and the Middle East 3. Left a legacy of bitternessamong Christians, Jews, and Muslims 4. Weakened the Byzantine Empire http://www.thearma.org/essays/Crusades.htm#.WNxW5vnyvIU

  21. In the fourteenth century, the Black Death (or Bubonic Plague) destroyed the population of much of Asia and then the population of much of Europe. The Black Death:

  22. Buboes (swelling) of groin, neck , arms oozed and bled Fever, headaches, nausea, vomiting, etc. 80% died within first week of contracting the disease. Symptoms

  23. Economic and Social impact of the Black Death in much of Asia and Europe 1. Decline in population – 1/3 of Europe died 2. Scarcity of Labor – not enough people to work , farms abandoned 3. Towns freed from feudal obligations – feudalism breaking down • Serfs left manors in search of better wages

  24. Economic and Social impact of the Black Death in much of Asia and Europe http://www.endocytosis.org/Black_Plague/ 4. Decline of church influence – prayers failed to stop the plague • Priests wouldn’t perform services for those who were dying 5. Disruption of trade – declined as prices rose, less people willing to travel

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