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Chapter 10

Chapter 10. Food For Life. Assessing Nutrients. Nutrition: branch of science that studies food and how the body uses it Nutrition is important for normal growth in the body Malnutrition: nutrients missing from diet and/or too many or too few nutrients

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Chapter 10

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  1. Chapter 10 Food For Life

  2. Assessing Nutrients • Nutrition: branch of science that studies food and how the body uses it • Nutrition is important for normal growth in the body • Malnutrition: nutrients missing from diet and/or too many or too few nutrients • Malnutrition often occurs in people who have high levels of sickness and disability • May die or suffer from brain damage

  3. Six Main Nutrients 1. Carbohydrates: starches and sugars which supply energy ex. pasta, bread etc. 2. Proteins: build tissue, regulate chemical activity and provide energy, ex. meat, eggs etc. 3. Fats: provide energy, act as insulation, absorb fat soluble vitamins, component of nerve and brain cells, enable cells to function ex. butter, oil

  4. Six Main Nutrients 4. Vitamins: help carry out growth and reproduction ex. A, B, C, D, K 5. Minerals: structural component of body tissues ex. Calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, iron, iodine 6. Water: aides in removing waste, moves nutrients, controls body temperature

  5. Diet • Diet: amount and type of food you eat each day • Mixed diet: a diet that contains a variety of foods • Diet guidelines: variety; eat whole grain cereal, bread, fruit, veggies, low fat diary, lean meat, little fat; limit salt, sugar, be physically active

  6. Diet • Fad diet: diet craze ex. Cabbage diet, grapefruit diet, Atkins diet, Juice/Shake diet • Usually limits one or more of the food groups • Vegetarian: someone who does not eat animal products • Bulking up: Consuming too much protein causes dehydration because it takes extra water to eliminate the excess protein from the body

  7. Food Labels • Advertisements • Preparation Directions • Nutritional Information

  8. 3 Types of Digestion • Mechanical: teeth chew food and stomach churns food together • Chemical: enzymes break food down using enzymes ex. Cheeseburger into carbs, proteins, fats etc. • Absorption: transporting digested products (carbs, proteins tec.) into the blood and then to cells

  9. Digestive Process • Teeth: chew food, saliva helps to break down carbs • Stomach: mixes food with gastric juices to forn a pasty fluid called chyme, occurs in an acidic environment, enzymes break down protein • Small Intestine: digestion is completed and absorption into blood occurs • Enzymes break carbs into simple sugars (glucose)

  10. Enzymes split proteins into amino acids • Bile breaks down fat particles which are then digested by enzymes • Large intestine: transfers water, minerals, vitamins into the blood and stores waste in the form of feces (excreted by the anus)

  11. The Role of Diet • Your body depends on you to fuel it with a good balance of nutrients at regular intervals • Choosing too many fats causes several problems: • Your body has to work harder to digest fats • High fat diets cause fatigue and lack of energy • Cholesterol from fatty foods blocks arteries

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