1 / 30

Chapter 31

Chapter 31 . The Cold War and Decolonization 1945-1975. I. The Cold War. Background 1. Post WWII World WWII left the world with two major military superpowers The United States and the Soviet Union. I. The Cold War. 2. Philosophical Differences

anahid
Download Presentation

Chapter 31

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter 31 The Cold War and Decolonization 1945-1975

  2. I. The Cold War • Background 1. Post WWII World • WWII left the world with two major military superpowers • The United States and the Soviet Union

  3. I. The Cold War 2. Philosophical Differences • Soviet Union: communism, totalitarian dictatorship • United States: free enterprise capitalism, republic

  4. I. The Cold War 3. World War II Conflicts • Soviets wanted British and Americans to open a second front earlier in the war • United States secretly developed the atomic bomb

  5. I. The Cold War 4. Postwar Conflicts • Soviet Union failed to live up to wartime promise of elections in Eastern Europe • United States made efforts to resists Soviet expansion

  6. I. The Cold War 5. The Cold War • The Cold War - An era of high tension between the United States and the Soviet Union

  7. I. The Cold War 6. Iron Curtain • After World War II, Soviet armies occupied Eastern Europe • USSR set up communist regimes in the occupied nations • “Iron Curtain” divided Europe

  8. I. The Cold War 7. NATO and Warsaw pact • North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) - Alliance of United States, Canada and nations of Western Europe • Warsaw Pact - Alliance of Soviet Union and the nations of Eastern Europe

  9. I. The Cold War B. The United Nations 1. Origins • Created Oct. 24 1945 • Headquartered in NYC • Members renounced war and territorial conquest • Goal to prevent another World War

  10. International Agencies United Nations

  11. I. The Cold War 2. UN Concerns • Peacekeeping - Security Council • Decolonization in Africa and Asia - Encouraged by Soviet Union, resisted by Europe • Poverty, racial discrimination

  12. I. The Cold War C. Capitalism & Communism 1. Bretton Woods Conference 1944 • International Monetary Fund • World Bank - Created to help reconstruction, capital investment and creation of stable currencies post WWII

  13. I. The Cold War 2. Marshall Plan • American financial aid to European nations to help Europe rebuild from destruction of WWII • 1948-1952, the U.S. gave $12.5 billion in 17 nations • By 1963, European economy doubled 1940 output

  14. I. The Cold War 3. W. European Cooperation • Organization for European Economic Cooperation (1948) - Cooperative policies on coal and steel - Encouraged lowering tariffs • Free movement of people, goods and capital • European Community - W. Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, Great Britain, Denmark, Greece, Ireland, Spain, Portugal, Finland, Sweden, Austria

  15. I. The Cold War 4. Prosperity In W. Europe • Average wages increased, unemployment fell • Social benefits expanded • healthcare, unemployment, retirement, education, public housing • Living standards rose • Increased demand for consumer goods

  16. I. The Cold War 5. Post WWII Economy in E. Europe • Communist economies focused on heavy industry & military production • Central economic planners failed to meet demand for consumer goods - Clothes, housing, food, cars, electronics • Communist standard of living was much lower than that of W. Europe

  17. I. The Cold War D. West Vs. East in Europe and Korea • Soviet Expansionism • Communist regimes put in place in E. European Nations • Soviet Union sought access to warm water ports in Mediterranean • Greece & Turkey • Truman Doctrine (1947) - U.S. offered military aid to Greece and Turkey to resist Soviet Expansion

  18. I. The Cold War 2. Germany • Soviets blockaded Western access to W. Berlin (1948-49) - British and American airlifts broke the blockade • E. German government built the Berlin Wall (1961) - Meant to stop E. Germans from fleeing to W. Berlin

  19. I. The Cold War 3. Soviet Consolidation of Power • Soviet troops crushed an anti-Soviet revolt in Hungary (1956) • Soviet troops crushed peaceful reform movement in Czechoslovakia (1968) - Prague Spring

  20. I. The Cold War 4. Post WWII Korea • Soviet Union controlled North Korea • Americans control South Korea • Divided along the 38th parallel

  21. I. The Cold War 5. Korean War • N. Korea invaded the South in 1950 - Supported by USSR and China • UN came to the defense of South Korea • USA provided majority of military support • Korean War lasted until 1953 • Korea remains divided

  22. I. The Cold War E. U.S. Defeat in Vietnam • Vietnamese Independence • Vietnam was a French colony (French Indochina) • Occupied by Japanese during WWII • Vietnamese nationalist, the Vietminh were led by Ho Chi Minh • Vietminh able to defeat the French at battle of Dien Bien Phu in 1954 • Vietnam divided - Communist in North - “Democratic” government in South

  23. I. The Cold War 2. American Involvement • President Eisenhower (1953-61) aided the French and later South Vietnam • Feared if Vietnam became Communist, rest of South East Asia would follow • Domino Theory • U.S. provided military advisors, special forces, and military aid

  24. I. The Cold War 3. Civil War • North Vietnam supported Communist guerillas in the South • Vietcong • Fought against corrupt S. Vietnamese government led by Ngo Dinh Diem • President Kennedy increased number of American advisors from 685 to 16,000

  25. I. The Cold War 4. Vietnam War • N. Vietnamese allegedly attacked two U.S. destroyers (1964) • Gulf of Tonkin Incident • Congress gave President unlimited power to wage war in Vietnam • U.S. forced propped up unpopular and corrupt government of South Vietnam

  26. I. The Cold War 5. U.S. Defeat • American forces unable to obtain a comprehensive victory • Tet Offensive (1968) - Massive offensive showed futility of war effort • Antiwar movement in U.S. gained strength • U.S. withdraws from Vietnam in 1973 • N. Vietnam overran the South in 1975 • Saigon renamed Ho Chi Minh City

  27. I. The Cold War 6. Vietnam and Civil Rights • Civil Rights movement led by MLK Jr. used non-violent resistance to gain civil rights • Based on techniques of Mohandas Gandhi • Anti-war movement applied techniques of non-violent resistance - Undermined support for war effort, president LBJ

  28. I. The Cold War F. The Race for Nuclear Supremacy • Arms Race • Soviet Union developed atomic bomb in 1949 • Americans develop Hydrogen Bomb in 1953 • Soviets develop H-Bomb in 1953

  29. I. The Cold War 2. Cuban Missile Crisis (1962) • Soviet Union deployed nuclear missiles to Cuba - 90 miles from Florida - In response to failed efforts by U.S. to overthrow the Communist regime of Fidel Castro • U.S. prepared invasion of Cuba, which would trigger a nuclear war with USSR Compromise • USSR removes missiles from Cuba • USA removes missiles from Turkey

  30. I. The Cold War • Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD) • Each side possessed enough nuclear weapons to completely destroy the other. • Deterred attack • Nuclear arsenals became increasingly powerful - Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles - Nuclear Submarines

More Related