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FRENCH AGRICULTURE

FRENCH AGRICULTURE. Agriculture was in deficit but…. 1945:. Very low farm income. Agriculture=35% of jobs. Small farms. … by rolling out a proactive agricultural policy…. Structural reorganisation. Market organisations. Land consolidation. Technical support, Training for farmers.

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FRENCH AGRICULTURE

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  1. FRENCH AGRICULTURE

  2. Agriculture was in deficit but… 1945: Very low farm income Agriculture=35% of jobs Small farms

  3. …by rolling out a proactive agricultural policy… Structural reorganisation Market organisations • Land consolidation • Technical support, Training for farmers • Aid to equipment investments Professional organisation

  4. …and setting up a new economic framework… • The Common Market (Treaty of Rome in 1957) • The European Community’s Agricultural Development Policy. • Liberalisation process of agricultural trade (WTO accords)…

  5. …Agriculture has undergone far-reaching changes. 2003: Average UAA per farm: 42 hectares 3.4 % of employment 664,000 farms

  6. FRANCE: the main agricultural-producing country of the EU • Number one agricultural power of the European Union (1/4 of EU production • Largest agricultural area (33 million hectares including 54% of arable land) Source INSEE in billion euros

  7. France’s rank in EU agricultural production In 2000, in percentage EU= 280 billion euros

  8. Because of its climate, soils, and Overseas Departments and Territories, FRANCE is the only EU country that can produce practically every agricultural product In million of tons Share of agriculture and agri-food industries in GDP: 4.5%

  9. MAIN AGRI-FOODSTUFF EXPORTS • France does most of its trading with EU countries (3/4 of exports in value) • Total exports to EU in 2002: 26.6 billion euros In billion euros Source: French Customs

  10. Agri-food trade balance in 2002 Surplus In billion euros Deficit Source: Agreste/ Customs

  11. LAND USE In millions of hectares Metropolitan territory Arable land In millions of hectares 7.1 1.2 4.5 2.8 14.3 1.3 11.4 29.6 Source Agreste

  12. SHARE OF USEFUL AGRICULTURAL AREA WITHIN TOTAL AREA In 2001, in percentage Source AGRESTE

  13. Family Farms • Number of farms: 664,000 in 2000 • Average size: 42 hectares • Farmable area = 54% of the territory Total UAA=29.5 mil ha

  14. BREAKDOWN OF LIVESTOCK FARMS Suckling cows Dairy cows Source Agreste

  15. BREAKDOWN OF LIVESTOCK FARMS Location of pig farms Location of poultry farms Source Agreste

  16. THE FOREST AND FOREST PRODUCTION • More than 1/4 of the national territory (27%) • 3/4 in private property (10 mil. ha.) Source: AGRESTE.

  17. 3 Original Features of the French Forest • Great richness and ecological diversity • 89 different species, 2/3 hardwood • Predominant share of private forests • 3.7 million timber owners • A big tropical forest thanks to the Overseas Departments and Territories • 8 million hectares in French Guiana, 0.4 million hectares in Caledonia, etc.

  18. The French Forest: Multicentennial Sustainable Management • 1219: First Royal Forestry Order • 1376: Publication of the first forest management plan for a royal forest • 1669: Order issued by Colbert: First Forestry Code • 1827: Nancy School of Forestry • 1945: Creation of the Fonds Forestier National (National Forestry Fund)

  19. Major Tools for Forestry Policy • The Forestry Act: • Since 1827, it compiles all the laws and decrees; it is enhanced and updated by Forestry Policy Laws every 20 years or so • The ‘forest regulations’ • Special mode that is mandatory for public forests (4.6 mil. ha.) of the French State and of the territorial authorities • The national forest survey • Taxation tailored to long-term constraints

  20. Principles for the Sustainable Management of French Forests • The protective function (the environment) is the basis of management • The production function wherever compatible with forest protection • The social function and public-focussed function (amenity) • Protection, production, and amenity functions are carried out at the same time and place • Forest management determines the priority goals and maximises the tradable and nontradable goods by preserving the capital

  21. MARITIME FISHERIES • The turnover of maritime fisheries = 1 billion euros (production = 594,067 tons of fish, crustaceans and molluscs) • National production = 50% of domestic demand • Fish trade = 10,000 jobs • 120 processing companies employ an average of 11 wage-earners • Turnover: 2.4 million euros The resource is preserved by the ‘total allowable catch’ (TAC)

  22. MARITIME FISHERIES Nord Pas de Calais 16.8 % Production per region Haute Normandie 3.9 % Basse Normandie 10.5 % Bretagne 42.4 % Pays de Loire 11.6 % Poitou-Charentes 2.4 % Aquitaine 2.5 % Méditerranée 9.9 %

  23. THE FRENCH FLEET The French fleet had 5,984 ships in 2001 80 % of the ships are under 12 metres in length

  24. AQUACULTURE • SHELLFISH FARMING: • Number one shellfish farming country in Europe • Main farmed shellfish: Portuguese and flat oysters, mussels • Production = 148,400 tons (1997) • 19,000 jobs including 9,500 fulltime jobs (2000)

  25. FISH FARMING: • One the world’s leading producers of farmed trout • 66,500 tons; Turnover: 228 million euros in 1999 • Salmon farming = 635 enterprises, 1,580 jobs, 818 locations; Turnover: 114 million euros • Sea-cage farming = 41 enterprises; Turnover: 47 million euros (sea bass, sea-bream, and turbot) • Pond fish farming = 12,000 tons including 50% carp and 25% roach; Turnover: 41 million euros

  26. IMPORTS Millions of euros Shrimp 537 Salmon 486 Tuna 315 Cod (haddock) 218 Scallop 128 EXPORTS Millions of euros Tuna 287 Shrimp 109 FOREIGN TRADE BALANCE Millions of euros Eel, young eel 30 Cuttlefish, squid 22 Bass 17 Anchovies 14 Oysters 12 Trout 9 In France, the foreign trade of fishing products had a deficit of more than 2 billion euros in 2001 Imports (2001): 3.4 billion euros including 62% fish. The EU supplied 42% of the imports Exports(2001): 1.1 billion euros including 68% fish, 81% were exported to the EU. Source: Customs

  27. THE EQUINE SECTOR • 500,000 animals of the equine family (42 breeds of horses, donkeys and ponies) • Specifically focussed on recreational activities: races and riding • Sector employing 55,000 people • Organisational Framework: • Haras Nationaux (national stud farms): 1,100 people • Health (300 specialised veterinarians and 990 farriery enterprises, 1,270 jobs) • Saddlery (900 enterprises, 2,500 jobs) • Training and research: 850 jobs • Feed manufacturers: 100 companies producing 150,000 tons of horse feed per year

  28. ORGANISED MARKETS Since 1982: • Organisation and regulation of product supply (national inter-professional public bodies) • The inter-professional organisations draw up the agreements on: • Production rules • The mode of the stakeholders’ financial contribution to network actions • Collective product advertising • The definition of production zones

  29. PRODUCERS HAVE THE INITIATIVE IN ORGANISING AGRICULTURE • Agricultural cooperatives for product marketing • 10 to 15% of the turnover of the agri-food industries • Producer groups • Help with product marketing • Provide members with technical advice • Foster the improvement of equipment (financial aid) • Supervise 60% of livestock farm production, 50% of fruit and vegetable production, and 30% of grape and wine production

  30. FARMERS’ SOCIAL AND FINANCIAL ENVIRONMENT • The Mutualité Sociale Agricole (MSA) • protects 1.9 million wage earners and their dependents and 2.3 million farmers, retired farmers and their families • Financial establishments: • 4.8 billion euros in loans without interest subsidies • 1.4 billion euros mid- and long-term, State subsidised interest loans • 2,700 local branches of the Crédit Agricole SA (bank) • Crédit Mutuel • Banques Populaires

  31. EVER-CHANGING MODERN AGRICULTURE • Special agricultural education and training system (CAPA, BTA, BEPA, etc.) • Ever increasing applied research programmes • Technical and economic advice for farmers • The development of research: • In 2002, 800 million euros of public appropriations to research (INRA, CEMAGREF, CIRAD, and others) • Improvement of farming technology

  32. A NETWORK OF EFFICIENT AGRI-FOOD INDUSTRIES (AFI) • Turnover of the AFI = 17% of all industry • Turnover of the AFI = 114.6 billion euros including 37.1 in exports • Share of AFI added value in GDP = 2,3% • Agri-food industry = 380,100 jobs In billion of euros

  33. A QUALITY POLICY • Quality and terroir (locally-made) products (quality label policy) • Products from organic agriculture • Appellation d’Origine Contrôlée (AOC, registered designation of origin) products

  34. MONITORED AND CONTROLLED PRODUCTS • The veterinary services: • 1,000 veterinarian-inspectors • 3,000 technicians • 700 administrative employees • Report to the Directorate for Food and Nutrition and draw up monitoring and control plans • Strict sanitary certification policy • Creation of the Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire des Aliments (AFSSA, the French Food Safety Agency) in 1998 • Controls by the public authorities (fraud control department)

  35. A SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT POLICY • Changing CAP goals: • Rural development programmes ( maintaining employment level, land management, and so on) • Environmental concerns • The Law recognises the economic, social and environmental functions • Quality, safety and security requirements

  36. PUBLIC SUPPORT TO AGRICULTURAL Amount (million euros) % Productive agricultural activities - including EU funding - including national funding 9,470 1,985 34.5% 7.25% Agri-food industries 170 0.6% Rural area and equestrian sports 512 1.8% Sustainable forest management 421 1.5% Research and education 1,820 6.6% Social protection and solidarity 11,716 42.8% General services 1,283 4.6% TOTAL 27,378 100% Source: SCEES 2002

  37. Presentation by: • Ministère de l'agriculture, de l'alimentation, de la pêche et des affaires rurales (French Ministry of Agriculture, Food, Fisheries and Rural Affairs) 78 rue de Varenne 75349 Paris 07 SP Phone: 01 49 55 49 55 www.agriculture.gouv.fr With the help of: • L’Association pour de Développement des Echanges Internationaux de Produits et Techniques Agro-alimentaires (ADEPTA) (Association for the Development of the International Trade of Agri-Foodstuff Products and Technologies) 41 rue de Bourgogne 75007 Paris Phone: 01 44 18 08 88 www.adepta.com

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