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Brainstem: Medulla & Pons

Brainstem: Medulla & Pons. Reticular Formation. Thalamus. Thalamic Pain Syndrome. Thalamic Pain Syndrome. Cerebellum = “little brain” helps us judge time nonverbal learning/memory discriminate sounds/textures coordinate voluntary movement.

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Brainstem: Medulla & Pons

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  1. Brainstem: Medulla & Pons

  2. Reticular Formation

  3. Thalamus Thalamic Pain Syndrome Thalamic Pain Syndrome

  4. Cerebellum = “little brain” • helps us judge time • nonverbal • learning/memory • discriminate • sounds/textures • coordinate voluntary • movement Cerebellar ataxia Ataxic Gait

  5. Limbic System • 1. Hypothalamus • 2. Amygdala • 3. Hippocampus

  6. Hypothalamus: Where is it?

  7. 1. Hypothalamus • Subdivided into different functional areas • Involved in the regulation of: • Hunger • Thirst • Body temperature • Sexual behavior • Contains “reward” centers (pleasure centers) (Olds/Milner) • Reward centers often release dopamine • Addictive behaviors: “reward deficiency syndrome”?

  8. Functional Areas of the Hypothalamus

  9. 2. Amygdala Amygdala

  10. Amygdala • Two structures, right and left • Each is the size of a lima bean • Sit posterior to the hypothalamus • Perception of fear and aggression • Processing emotion-laden memories • Kluver & Bucy • Destroyed amygdala in monkeys • Ill-tempered to mellow • Stimulate amygdala: • 1 spot, extreme aggression • Another spot, extreme fearfulness

  11. Kluver-Bucy Syndrome • 1. Psychic blindness (inability to recognize familiar objects) • 2. Hypermetamorphosis (strong tendency to react to visual stimulus) • 3. Increased oral exploration (putting things in the mouth) • 4. Placidity (marked decreased fear response) • 5. Indiscriminate hypersexuality • 6. Hyperphagia/Eating nonfood items

  12. 3. Hippocampus

  13. Hippocampus • Involved in memory formation (names, images, events) • Memories formed but not stored • Very active during sleep; memories are processed and filed for later retrieval • Left hippocampus: memories of verbal information • Right hippocampus: memories of visual information and locations

  14. Damage to the Hippocampus

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