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Brainstem: Medulla & Pons. Reticular Formation. Thalamus. Thalamic Pain Syndrome. Thalamic Pain Syndrome. Cerebellum = “little brain” helps us judge time nonverbal learning/memory discriminate sounds/textures coordinate voluntary movement.
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Thalamus Thalamic Pain Syndrome Thalamic Pain Syndrome
Cerebellum = “little brain” • helps us judge time • nonverbal • learning/memory • discriminate • sounds/textures • coordinate voluntary • movement Cerebellar ataxia Ataxic Gait
Limbic System • 1. Hypothalamus • 2. Amygdala • 3. Hippocampus
1. Hypothalamus • Subdivided into different functional areas • Involved in the regulation of: • Hunger • Thirst • Body temperature • Sexual behavior • Contains “reward” centers (pleasure centers) (Olds/Milner) • Reward centers often release dopamine • Addictive behaviors: “reward deficiency syndrome”?
2. Amygdala Amygdala
Amygdala • Two structures, right and left • Each is the size of a lima bean • Sit posterior to the hypothalamus • Perception of fear and aggression • Processing emotion-laden memories • Kluver & Bucy • Destroyed amygdala in monkeys • Ill-tempered to mellow • Stimulate amygdala: • 1 spot, extreme aggression • Another spot, extreme fearfulness
Kluver-Bucy Syndrome • 1. Psychic blindness (inability to recognize familiar objects) • 2. Hypermetamorphosis (strong tendency to react to visual stimulus) • 3. Increased oral exploration (putting things in the mouth) • 4. Placidity (marked decreased fear response) • 5. Indiscriminate hypersexuality • 6. Hyperphagia/Eating nonfood items
Hippocampus • Involved in memory formation (names, images, events) • Memories formed but not stored • Very active during sleep; memories are processed and filed for later retrieval • Left hippocampus: memories of verbal information • Right hippocampus: memories of visual information and locations