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Skeletal System

Skeletal System. 10. 11. Elephant Bird (Madagascar) ** Extinct 16 th Century. Skeletal System. Function:. Fig. 4-4 in Podulka et al. 2004. Function:. Fig. 4-23 in Podulka et al. 2004. Function:. Function:. 1. Skeleton Tissue I: Bone. 13. 12. Bone Tissue: Non-Living.

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Skeletal System

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  1. Skeletal System 10 11 Elephant Bird (Madagascar) ** Extinct 16th Century

  2. Skeletal System Function: Fig. 4-4 in Podulka et al. 2004

  3. Function: Fig. 4-23 in Podulka et al. 2004

  4. Function:

  5. Function: 1

  6. Skeleton Tissue I: Bone 13 12

  7. Bone Tissue: Non-Living Osteon, Lamellae Hydroxyapatite Ca5(PO4)3(OH)

  8. Bone Tissue: Living Osteocytes (Lacuna)

  9. Bone Tissue: Vascularization Haversian Canals, Canaliculi 5

  10. Bone Tissue: Osteoblasts and Osteoclasts http://www.medscape.com/content/2005 /00/49/69/496917/art-nrc496917.fig1.gif

  11. Bone Tissue Ostion Hydroxyapatite Osteocytes Lacuna Lamella Matrix (= Osteoid) Haversian Canal Canaliculi Osteoblast Osteoclast

  12. Mallard: 2.5 kg Mink: 2.5 kg Fig. 4-3 in Podulka et al. 2004

  13. Pneumatic Bones Proctor and Lynch 1993 (p. 136)

  14. Pneumatization (Passerine Chick) Fig. 4-7 in Podulka et al. 2004

  15. More Pneumatic Less Pneumatic 15 14

  16. Skeletal Tissue: 2) Tendons 3) Ligaments 4) Cartilage Fig. 4-23 in Podulka et al. 2004

  17. Skeletal Tissue 4: Cartilage

  18. Axial versus Appendicular Skeleton Fig. 4-6 in Podulka et al. 2004

  19. Axial Skeleton: Skull (Cranum, Orbit, Ear Opening) Fig. 4-8 in Podulka et al. 2004

  20. 20 Fig. 4-47 in Podulka et al. 2004

  21. Axial Skeleton: Skull (Craniaofacial Hinge, Premaxilla, Dentary, Articular, Quadrate, Jugal Arch, Palatine)

  22. Cranial Kinesis Fig. 4-10 in Podulka et al. 2004

  23. Cranial Kinesis Fig. 4-10 in Podulka et al. 2004

  24. Axial Skeleton: Skull (Teeth?) 19 20 Ichthyornis 18 17

  25. Axial Skeleton: Skull (Hyoid Apparatus: Tongue Bone + Hyoid Horns) Fig. 4-11 in Podulka et al. 2004

  26. Axial Skeleton: Skull (Hyoid Apparatus) Fig. 4-12 in Podulka et al. 2004

  27. Axial Skeleton: Skull Premaxilla Dentary Premaxillary Dentary Craniofacial Hinge Quadrate Articular Orbit Ear Opening Hyoid Apparatus Hyoid Horns Tongue Bone = Entoglossal Bone Occipital Condyle

  28. Axial Skeleton: Vertebrae 24 20

  29. Axial Skeleton: Vertebrae (Atlas, Axis (Dens) Fig. 4-14 in Podulka et al. 2004

  30. Axial Skeleton: Vertebrae (Heterocoelous Centrum Ends of Free Vertebrae) Fig. 4-13 in Podulka et al. 2004

  31. Axial Skeleton: Vertebrae (Vertebral Regions)

  32. Axial Skeleton: Vertebrae (Cervical Vertebra) (Spinous Process, Centrum, Rib Remnant) Fig. 4-14 in Podulka et al. 2004

  33. Axial Skeleton: Vertebrae (Thoracic Verbebra, Notarium) ( Fused Spinous Processes, Rib Facets) Fig. 4-14b in Podulka et al. 2004

  34. Axial Skeleton: Vertebrae (Thoracic Vertebrae) (Spinous Processes, Vertebral Rib, Uncinate Process) (Fig. 4-14b in Podulka et al. 2004)

  35. Axial Skeleton: Vertebrae (Synsacrum) Fig. 4-6 in Podulka et al. 2004

  36. Axial Skeleton: Vertebrae (Free Caudal Vertebra, Pygostyle) Fig. 4-6 in Podulka et al. 2004

  37. Axial Skeleton (Vertebrae) Atlas Axis Dens Cervical Vertebrae Spinous Process Rib Remnant Heterocoelus Centrum Ends Notarium Thoracic Vertebrae Spinous Processes Rib Facets Synsacrum Lower Caudal Vertebrae Pygostyle

  38. Axial Skeleton: Thoracic Cage (Vertebral Rib, Uncinate Process, Sternal Rib) Fig. 4-15 in Podulka et al. 2004

  39. Appendicular Skeleton • Wings • Hind Limb • Pectoral Girdle • Sternum • Pelvic Girdle

  40. Axial Skeleton: Sternum (Sternum (Carina = Keel)) 22 Fig. 4-15 in Podulka et al. 2004

  41. Axial Skeleton: Sternum “Ratite” Fig. 4-19 in Podulka et al. 2004 23

  42. Appendicular Skeleton: Wing Bones (Humerus, Ulna, Radius, Carpometacarpus, Phalange) Fig. 4-14 in Podulka et al. 2004

  43. Appendicular Skeleton: Pectoral Girdle Scapulars Clavicles (Furcula) Coracoids Foramen Triosseum Fig. 4-16 in Podulka et al. 2004

  44. Appendicular Skeleton: Pectoral Girdle Fig. 4-16 in Podulka et al. 2004

  45. Appendicular Skeleton: Pelvic Girdle (Ilium, Ischium, Pubis) Fig. 4-20 in Podulka et al. 2004

  46. Appendicular Skeleton: Lower Leg Femur Tibiotarsus Tarsometatarsus Digits (Fig. 4-21 in Podulka et al. 2004)

  47. Appendicular Skeleton Sternum Carina Scapulars Clavicles (= Furcula) Coracoids Foramen Triosseum Humerus Ulna Radius Carpometacarpus Phalanges Ilium Ischium Pubis Femur Tibiotarsus Tarsometatarsus Digits

  48. Activity: Identify the following on the bird skeletons Axial: Lower Atlas Axis Cervical Vertebrae Notarium Thoracic Vertebra Spinous Processes Synsacrum Free Caudal Vertebrae Pygostyle Axial: Upper Premaxilla Dentary Premaxillary Dentary Craniofacial Hinge Quadrate Articular Orbit Ear Opening Hyoid Apparatus Hyoid Horns Tongue Bone Occipital Condyle Appendicular: Pectoral Girdle and Wing Pectoral Girdle Scapulars Clavicles (= Furcula) Coracoids Carpometacarpus Appendicular: Pelvic Girdle and Lower Leg Ilium Ischium Pubis Tibiotarsus Tarsometatarsus Axial: Thoracic Cage Vertebral Rib Uncinate Process Sternal Rib Sternum Carina (= Keel)

  49. 1 http://photography.nationalgeographic.com/staticfiles/NGS/ Shared/StaticFiles/Photography/Images/POD/b/bird-egg-587771-sw.jpg 2 http://pharyngula.org/images/duck_air_sacs.jpg 3 http://www.med.mun.ca/anatomyts/msk/Bone9.gif 4 http://vitanetonline.com/images/products/4579.jpg 5 http://facstaff.bloomu.edu/jhranitz/Courses/APHNT/Lab_Pictures/osteonw.jpg 6 http://www.mc.vanderbilt.edu/histology/labmanual2002/labsection1/ CartilageandBone03_files/image004.jpg 7 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Osteoclast.jpg 8 http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v445/n7125/images/nature05435-f2.2.jpg 9 http://d.yimg.com/origin1.lifestyles.yahoo.com/ls/he/healthwise/n5550583.jpg 10 http://www.boneclones.com/images/sc-241-lg.jpg 11 http://www.usd.edu/biol/faculty/swanson/ornith/pics/elephant.gif

  50. 12 http://www.calacademy.org/exhibits/skulls/structure_function/cassowary.jpg 13 http://www.missionbeachtourism.com/Graphics/Cassowary- CloseUp.jpg 14 http://www.greglasley.net/Images/Royal-Albatross-0021.jpg 15 http://bwfov.typepad.com/birders_world_field_of_vi/images/2007/ 07/18/loon_2.jpg 16 http://www.wunderground.com/data/wximagenew/o/Olbetsy/978.jpg 17 http://www.learner.org/jnorth/images/graphics/a-b/Beak-Merganser.jpg 18 http://www.bowdoin.edu/~dbensen/Spec/Ichthyornithiformskulls.jpg 19 http://www.capebretonbirds.ca/commonmerganser.jpg 20 http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/staticfiles/NGS/Shared/StaticFiles/ animals/images/primary/boreal-owl.jpg 21 http://www.worth1000.com/entries/85000/85162ejLI_w.jpg

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