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Chapter 11.3: the home front

Chapter 11.3: the home front. War Industry Board (Bernard M. Baruch):. Encouraged use of Mass-production Standardized similar products (in 1917 there were 150 different types of typewriter ribbons, they suggested 5 types…) Set production quotas and allocated resources Effects?.

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Chapter 11.3: the home front

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  1. Chapter 11.3: the home front

  2. War Industry Board (Bernard M. Baruch): • Encouraged use of Mass-production • Standardized similar products (in 1917 there were 150 different types of typewriter ribbons, they suggested 5 types…) • Set production quotas and allocated resources • Effects?

  3. Wilson’s War Powers: • National War Labor Board: • No strikes allowed (workers told to “work or fight”) • Worked to improve conditions (8 hour work day, safety inspections and outlaw child labor) • Food Administration: • No rationing • Used slogans: “Meatless Mondays”, “Wheatless Wednesdays” or “Sugarless Saturdays” to conserve food • Victory Gardens • Set prices for some farm goods (wheat) at a higher than market rate (this made farmers want to produce more, which they did)

  4. Paying for it: • War cost $35.5 billion • 1/3 of the money from taxes (income, war profit and “sin taxes”) • The rest was raised from “Liberty Bonds”

  5. “Selling” the War: • Committee on Public Information (CPI) make the war more popular • Hired George Creel a “muckraker” journalist to run it • Used propaganda(biased message to influence people's thoughts or actions)

  6. Nearly 2 million German immigrants faced: • Job discrimination • removed German authors from libraries • changed the name of food (Liberty cabbage and Liberty sandwich)

  7. Attacks on Civil Liberties: • Espionage (1917) and Sedition (1918) Acts: • Could be fined up to $10,000 and sentenced up to 20 years for: • Interfering with the war effort • Saying anything disloyal, profane or abusive about the government OR the war effort • 2,000 prosecuted under the acts and about half were convicted • Like the Alien and Sedition acts of 1798, these laws seem to violate the spirit of the 1st Amendment… Should the Government have the power to silence dissent in times of war?

  8. War encourages Social Change: • The Great Migration: • Af-Am’s leave South for jobs in the North, hundreds of thousands go • Why? • Effect: • Look at page 392 for answers

  9. 2. Women and the War: • Worked: RR’s, dock workers, bricklayers and shipbuilders • Many volunteered with the Red Cross • Pushed for Women’s Suffrage • 19th Amendment passed in 1919 and ratified in 1920

  10. Flu Epidemic (1918): • ¼ of the US got the flu • Hurt the economy (halted production, changed services and supplies ran short) • Killed 500,000 Americans in one year • Killed about 30 million people world wide

  11. I had a little bird, Its name was Enza. I opened the window, And in-flew-enza. —Children’s Rhyme, 1918

  12. Read p. 396-397 and answer the following Q’s: • What did the Supreme Court rule in the Schenckcase? • Why did they rule this way? • Explain Chief Justice Holmes “… ‘fire’ in a theater…” quote. • In 1919, the Chief Justice Holmes reversed his position in the Abrams case. • Explain “Market Place of Ideas” • The 1969 Tinker case effects HS students. • Can schools limit what you wear? • What is symbolic speech? • In Texas vs. Johnson (1989) the court ruled that burning the flag is symbolic speech. Why?

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