Drugs and prep for test II

1. Drugs and prep for test II

2. Alcohol Caffeine Most widely used drug, 90% Can lead to dependency Once removed, headaches and drowsiness Stimulant Speeds up the functioning of the brain • Depressant • Act out • Reckless behavior • Lessons our inhibitions by turning off our frontal lobe

3. Derived from opium • Natural substance • Why they wreak havoc • Produce drowsiness • Insensitivity to pain • Eliminates pain and anxiety • Duplicating Endorphins NarcoticsMorphineHeroinePain Killers

4. From the leaves of the Coca plant • Euphoric sense of happiness and increased activity • Stimulant • Powerful • Prevents the terminal buttons from reabsorbing dopamine • Works as an anesthetic Cocaine

5. Intensifies sensory experiences • Attach to receptors that are related to long term memory • Amotivational syndrome • Coupled with well established barriers to learning, pot smoking can cause people to waste a lot of time and money • Brain development is affected Marijuana

6. Research shows that marijuana aids some medical conditions Chemotherapy problems – decreases vomiting, nausea, and anxiety Aids – improves appetite Pain and muscle spasms – decreases these plus depression Glaucoma – decreases pressure on eye Medical benefits

7. Hallucinogens, similar to mushrooms • Intensification of sensations and experiences • Dream like state • Mescaline, better known as peyote, isderived from a Chihuahan cactus found in Texas and Mexico • It has been used medicinally and sacramental for thousands of years • US government allows its use in Native • American religions • Comes from cactus buttons Mescaline

8. Dopamine is released • Pleasure follows • This nudges us into eating, drinking, and other beneficial behaviors • Years of research has revealed that ingesting many drugs also causes dopamine to be released • The dopamine circuit begins in the ventral tegmentalarea • synthesizes dopamine which it passes to the • Nucleus accumbenswhich then connects through its axons to areas of the frontal lobes • Continued use of some drugs (opiates) causes neurons to shrink or otherwise work less effectively, forcing the user to rely on the drug for pleasure. Dopamine reward system

10. Stage 1 –brain is slowing down • Stage 2 – 4 waves slow gradually and become increasingly rhythmic, indicating less activity, eyes still inactive • After Stage 4, we move back through Stages 3 and then 2, but instead of then going into Stage 1, we enter into …. • REM sleep in which our eyes suddenly move about, as if we were awake, and our brain waves become fast and choppy like Stage 1 • These cycles run for about 90 minutes 5 stages of sleep

12. Occipital lobe • Located in the lower back region of the head • Contains many specialized areas relating to different aspects of vision, especially the primary visual center • Many links to the temporal for visual tasks • Parietal • Primarily devoted to the sense of touch • Contains the primary somatosensorycortex • Area within it is taken up by the parts of the skin • Also tells us where we are in space relative to the objects around us Cerebral Lobes

13. Frontal • Its back region contains the primary motor cortex which takes information from the primary somatosensory cortex and then moves the body’s muscles • Similarly, the parts of the body with more sophisticated muscle systems have more space in the primary motor cortex devoted to them • Temporal • Contains the primary auditory cortex • Much of it is used for complex visual tasks in conjunction with the primary visual cortex • These include recognizing faces and perceiving motion • Also crucial to memory • In the left hemisphere, aids language skills Cerebral Lobes

14. Central Nervous System • Autonomic Nervous System • Sympathetic Nervous system • Parasympathetic Nervous System • MRI • Basic Types of Neurons • Corpus Callosom • Left brain equals language • Brain Structure • Hindbrain • Hippocampus • Amygdala Important information