The Nature and Scale of Human Trafficking in 2013

1. The Nature and Scale of Human Trafficking in 2013 Caroline Young Organised Crime Command OFFICIAL

2. Introduction • The NCA recently published the Strategic Assessment on The Nature and Scale of Human Trafficking 2013. • The purpose of the report is to inform partners and the wider public of the nature and scale of human trafficking in the UK in 2013 • It assesses numbers of potential victims encountered, countries of origin, exploitation types and methodologies • The report is an indication, because human trafficking is a hidden crime – there is an assumption that the true scale will be higher OFFICIAL

3. The Reported Scale • 2744 people were reported to the NCA as being encountered as potential victims of Human Trafficking in the UK in 2013 • This is an increase of 32% on 2011 (2077 in 2011) • And an increase of 22% on 2012 (2255 in 2012) OFFICIAL

4. The Reported Scale In 2013 1616 or 59% of potential victimswere female; 910 or 33% were male. The gender of 193 (7%) was unknown and 25 (<1%) were described as transgender The proportion of females encountered has increased over the last 3 years

5. The Reported Scale In 2013 602 or 22% of potential victims were children 1651 or 60% were adults. The age of 491 was not recorded.

6. Top 10 Countries of Origin • In 2013 potential victims were identified from 86 countries of origin. The 10 most prevalent countries reported were: Romania – 307 (11%) Poland – 239 (9%) United Kingdom – 193 (7%) Albania – 192 (7%) Nigeria – 158 (6%) Slovakia – 143 (5%) Vietnam – 138 (5%) Hungary – 136 (5%) Lithuania – 104 (4%) Thailand – 89 (3%) OFFICIAL

7. Exploitation Types Comparing 2013 to 2012: Reports of sexual exploitation increased by 40%; labour exploitation increased by 47%

8. Exploitation Types in Top 10 Sexual exploitation was the most common type reported by potential victims from 6 of the 10 most prevalent countries of origin encountered in 2013 OFFICIAL

9. Sexual Exploitation In 2013 • 41% (1128)of potential victims reported sexual exploitation; an increase of 40%on 2012 • 93% (1050)were female; 2% (23)were transgender • 57% (647)were adults • 21% (236)were children • 22% (245) were unspecified • Romania, the UK and Nigeria remain within the 5 most common countries of origin for potential victims of sexual exploitation • Of the 167 potential victims from Albania, 56% (94) reported their exploitation occurred prior to arriving in the UK OFFICIAL

10. Labour Exploitation In 2013 • 47% (743) of potential victims reported labour exploitation;an increase of 47% on 2012 • 80% (593) were male; 11% (81)were female • 70% (523) were adults • 6% (44)were children • The gender and age of the remainder was unspecified • Poland, Lithuania, Romania, Hungary, Slovakia and the UK were the most prevalent countries of origin • 63% of those exploited for labour exploitation were EEA nationals OFFICIAL

11. Criminal Exploitation In 2013 • 9% (249) potential victimswere reported criminal exploitation; a decrease of 31% on 2012 • 52% (129)were male; 42% (105)were female • 50% (125)were adults • 45% (112)were children • The gender and age of the remainder was unspecified • Slovakia, Romania and Vietnam were the most prevalent countries of origin • The number of individuals from Slovakia who are exploited for crime has risen by 91% on 2012 OFFICIAL

12. Domestic Servitude In 2013 • 8% (230) potential victimsreported Domestic Servitude; although this is a significant increase on 2012 it is similar to the number reported in 2011 • 86% (198) were female; 13% (31)were male • 78% (180) were adults • 17% (39)were children • The gender and age of the remainder was unspecified • The most prevalent country of origin was Nigeria for the third consecutive year, closely followed by the Philippines OFFICIAL

13. Child Trafficking • Of the 2744 potential victims of trafficking reported in 2013, 22% (602)were children at the time of exploitation • 394 or 65% were girls • 177 or 30% were boys • The gender of the remainder was unspecified • The most prevalent exploitation types for children were sexual exploitation 40% (236) and criminal exploitation 19% (112) • The most common exploitation type for girls was sexual exploitation, for boys it was for criminal or labour exploitation OFFICIAL

14. UK Geographical Trends Overseas, 148, 5% Location of exploitation by region was reported in 71% of cases 148 or 5% of potential victims reported being exploited before arriving in the UK OFFICIAL

15. UK Geographical Trends • 6% (163) potential victims reported exploitation in multiple regions of the UK • 52% (85) of these were sexually exploited • Potential victims from Romania are the most common nationality reported to be exploited in multiple regions Multiple, 163, 6%

16. UK Geographical Trends Of the 163 potential victims exploited in multiple locations, 133 were in multiple locations in England 14 in England and Scotland 9 in England and Wales 5 in England and Northern Ireland 1 in England Scotland and Northern Ireland 1 in England Scotland and Wales Scotland • England • (Multiple) Wales Northern Ireland

17. Regional Trends - Scotland 55 potential victims reported some form of exploitation in Scotland 55% (30) experienced sexual exploitation Potential victims from Romania were most prevalent

18. Regional Trends – Northern Ireland 37 potential victims reported some form of exploitation in Northern Ireland 46% (17) experienced sexual exploitation Potential victims from Romania were most prevalent

19. Regional Trends - Wales 22 potential victims reported some form of exploitation in Wales 59% (13) experienced sexual exploitation Potential victims from Vietnam were most prevalent

20. Developments