Ch. 16 IDs

1. Ch. 16 IDs

2. 1.) Spoils System • When – Act in which elected politicians give government jobs to friends and supporters • Significance – Causes corruption and incompetence at different government levels and will eventually split the Republican Party

3. 2.) Stalwarts and Half-breeds • What – Stalwarts are Republicans who are in favor of the spoils system while Half-breeds wanted reform • Significance – This divisions will eventually cause the assassination of James Garfield

4. 3.) Garfield/Guiteau • What – Charles Guiteau, a disgruntled Stalwart, shoots and kills President Garfield • When – 1881 • Significance – Will turn everyone against the spoils system and lead to the Pendleton Civil Service Act

5. 4.) Pendleton Civil Service Act • What – Legislation that makes people take an aptitude test in order to qualify for a number of government jobs • Significance – Brings an end to the corruption and ineptitude of the spoils system

6. 5.) Wabash v. Illinois • What – Supreme Court ruling that states that the federal government has the right to regulate interstate trade • When – 1886 • Significance – • 1.) Leads to the creation of the ICC • 2.) Inadvertently ends laissez faire economics

7. 6.) Interstate Commerce Commission • What– Government agency created to regulate interstate trade • Significance – • 1.) One of the first independent government agencies • 2.) Government takes a more active role in regulating the economy

8. 7.) Sherman Antitrust Act • What- Legislation that made trusts illegal • When – 1890 • Significance – Sets precedent (Most politicians were too afraid to use it until T. Roosevelt)

9. 8.) The Grange • What – One of the oldest farming organizations in the US • When – 1867 • Significance – Will cause farmers to start coming together and forming cooperatives/working together

10. 9.) Farmers’ Alliance • What – Large farmer’s exchange • When – 1877 • Where– Begins in Texas • Significance – Failures of the alliance will cause farmers to get more political/form the Populist Party

11. 10.) Panic of 1873 • What – Economic recession caused by railroad failures and the removal of silver from circulation • Significance – Leads to the formation of the Populist Party

12. 11.) Panic of 1893 • What – Economic depression caused by failure of multiple railroad companies • Significance – Greatest depression in US to its time

13. 12.) Populist Party • What – Political party consisting mostly of farmers from the Midwest and parts of the South • Significance– Will become very successful in the late 1800s and will introduce a number of reforms that will be passed by later generations

14. 13.) “Front Porch Campaign” • What – William McKinley’s campaign for presidency • When – 1896 • Significance – Popular method used in the late 1800s, gives the candidate the image of the “local man” working for everybody

15. 14.) De Facto Segregation • What– Segregation by choice • Significance – De facto is seen everywhere and proves to be more difficult to defeat than segregation by law

16. 15.) Jim Crow Laws • What – Segregation laws • Where – South • Significance – Will lead to the treatment of AA as second-class citizens

17. 16.) Grandfather Clause • What– Law that states that if your grandfather could vote, then you could vote • Significance – Loophole that still kept blacks from voting, while allowing poor whites

18. 17.) Plessy v. Ferguson • What – Court ruling that said segregation was legal • When – 1896 • Significance – Creates the “separate but equal” doctrine

19. 18.) Booker T. Washington • Who – African American leader • Significance – • 1.) Creates the Tuskegee Institute • 2.) Promoted economic success over immediate political equality (gradualism)

20. 19.) Atlanta Compromise • What – Speech made by Booker T. Washington • When – 1895 • Significance– Washington introduces his gradualist beliefs

21. 20.) W.E.B. DuBois • Who– African American leader • Significance – • 1.) Will help create and lead the NAACP • 2.) Will formulate the effort to grant AA full political equality immediately