Little League District 17 – Safety Clinic

1. Little LeagueDistrict 17 – Safety Clinic Instructor: Mark A. Johnson EMT January 2009

2. Baseball is the second most commonly played team sport in the United States. Over 160,000 kids under the age of 15, are treated annually in the ER for Baseball/Softball related injuries. Injuries from thrown balls are the most common. 50% of youth pitchers will sustain an injury during the season. Introduction

3. . Good Samaritan Law:Prevents a rescuer who has voluntarily helped a stranger in need from being sued for ‘ wrongdoing’ . Consent: You need permission from the patient. If the patient is a minor get permission from the parent or legal guardian. . Implied Consent: Permission to help an unresponsive Patient is assumed. Legal Aspects

4. Universal Precautions First Aid Proper Techniques for Warm-up/Stretching Specific Baseball Related Injuries Minimizing Risk of injury for Pitchers Topics

5. Universal Precautions • Universal precautions is a way to limit the spread of disease by preventing contact with blood and body fluids. • . Use PPE ( disposable gloves, eye protection, Mouth shield).

6. Assess Scene, Assess Victim, Alert EMS • Survey scene to ensure your safety • Check your victim • Call 911(give description of emergency and location) • Provide appropriate care until EMS arrives

7. Determine if the scene is safe Determine cause of accident Determine number of victims/bystanders NEVER MOVE THE VICTIM (unless immediate life-threatening danger) Survey the Scene

8. Assess level of consciousness Check for an open airway Check for breathing Check for heartbeat Check for bleeding Assess Victim

9. Airway, Breathing, Circulation • Kneel next to victim's head • DO NOT remove safety gear! • Stabilize head and neck • LOOK, LISTEN & FEEL • Chin Lift • Rescue breath (if unnecessary) • Check for signs of life

10. Severe headache Slurred speech Vomiting Seizures Sudden Illness • Confusion or LOC • Difficulty breathing • Chest pain/pressure • Abdominal pain

11. Care For Sudden Illness • Vomiting- place on side • LOC - lay flat and elevate feet • Seizing - Nothing in mouth keep patient from harm • Call “911”

12. Musculoskeletal Choking Poisoning Bites/Stings Heat related injuries Specific Aliments • Sudden Illness • Diabetes • Asthma • Shock • Wounds • Burns

13. Type I and Type II Eat small meals prior to practice/games Identify symptoms Dizziness, Drowsiness, Confusion, Cool skin, diaphoretic and rapid pulse If conscious – give oral sugar Call “911” Diabetes

14. Asthma • Constriction of airways • Exercise, Environment or Stress induced • Bring Inhaler to practice/games • Stop physical activity, sit in cool place, use inhaler • Call “911”

15. Shock • Life threatening condition • Severe bleeding • Injury • Sudden illness • Without proper treatment (death may occur)

16. Signs of Shock • Restlessness or irritability • Altered LOC • Cool, pale and diaphoretic • Rapid breathing • Rapid pulse

17. Care for Shock • Call “911” immediately • Lay flat, elevate feet • Control bleeding • Prevent over heating • Nothing to drink

18. Wounds • Avulsion – a portion of skin is torn away.

19. Bruise • Bleeding occurs under the skin causing discoloration and swelling

20. Laceration • Split in the skin by a sharp object.

21. Puncture • Piercing of the skin by a sharp object

22. Abrasion • A portion of the skin is rubbed or scrapped away.

23. Caring for Minor Wound • ALWAYS use latex gloves when caring for wounds • If risk of splashing – wear protective glasses • Stop bleeding, by applying pressure with clean dry cloth • If bleeding persists, raise wound above heart level

24. Caring For A Major Wound • Remember to wear gloves and protective glasses • Cover wound with a clean dressing, press firmly • Elevate wound above heart level • Cover clean dressing with roll bandage • If persists, apply 2nd bandage • Call “911”

25. Special Problems . . . • Impales Object • Splinters • Nosebleeds • Oral Injury • Avulsion of Tooth • Amputations

26. Things to Remember w/Wounds • Always wear protective gloves and eyewear • Call “911” if: • bleeding is bright red and spurts • Wound is very deep and large • Victim is in sever pain • Can not wash the debris from the wound • The wound needs stitches

27. Burns • Solar Radiation Burns

28. Solar Radiation Burns • Cool the Burn • Protect burn by staying out of the sun • Use SPF 15 or greater sun screen • Cover burned areas

29. Musculoskeletal Injuries • Over 200 Bones, over 600 muscles • Sprain • Strain • Growth plate injuries • Dislocation • Fracture

30. Muscle Cramps • May be sign of heat exhaustion • May be due to electrolyte imbalance • May be due to dehydration • Improper condition • Treat with rest, massage area and gentle stretching

31. Rest joint Continue rest even if symptoms are gone inadequate rest may cause chronic re-injury Sprain • Tearing of the ligaments at a joint • The joint swells and is painful • Treat with ice initially

32. Rest joint Continue rest even if symptoms are gone inadequate rest may cause chronic re-injury Strain • A stretching and/or partial tearing of muscle or tendons • May be caused by working the muscle to hard • Treat with ice initially

33. Growth Plate Injury • May be avulsion, fracture or contusion • Exhibits swelling, tenderness and pain • Treat with ice • Rest • If fracture or avulsion is suspected refer to MD

34. Dislocation • Joint deformity (may be obvious) • Unable to move affected area • DO NOT REDUCE • Keep immobile • Call parents for transport to hospital

35. Fracture • For minor fracture • Splint, ice, elevation, all parent to transport to hospital • For major fracture • Do not move patient • If open fracture – place gauze over expose bone • Call “911” • Apply ice • DO NOT REDUCE

36. Choking • If conscious, Heimlich maneuver • If unconscious, chest compressions

37. Poison • Ingestion • Inhalation • Absorption

38. Poisoning By Ingestion • Call “911” or Poison Control • Signs - nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, chest pain, burns around lips • Determine type of poison • Do not give anything to eat or drink unless instruct my EMT

39. Poison by Inhalation • Call “911” or Poison Control • Signs – pale or bluish skin • Remove victim from toxic fumes ASAP

40. Insect Stings • If stung by bee – remove stinger • Wash area with soap and water • Cover to keep clean • Apply ice to reduce swelling • Apply hydrocortisone cream • Troubling breathing – Call “911”

41. Spiders • Only (2) spiders in US are poisonous • Black Widow • Brown Recluse • Symptoms – nausea, vomiting, difficulty breathing, sweating and sever pain • If suspected stung by one of these spiders, wash wound, apply ice & call “911”

42. Snake Bites • (4) Kinds: Rattlesnake, Water moccasin, copperhead & Coral Snake • Call “911” • Wash wound, immobilize area and keep lower than heart • DO NOT apply ice, cut wound or apply tourniquet

43. Animal Bites • Wash area with soap and water • Apply dry dressing • DO NOT try to catch animal • If suspect rabid animal – call “911”

44. Heat Related Illnesses • Heat cramps • Heat exhaustion • Heat stroke • In hot weather, provide break at least twice a hour • Allow athletes to drink water at will • NEVER DENY water

45. Heat Cramps • Painful muscle spasms • Occur from a combination of water and salt loss • Tend to occur in the legs and the abdomen • Have victim rest in cool place • Provide with cool water • Stretch muscle gently and massage area • May resume activity once cramp ceases

46. Heat Exhaustion • Blood flow to skin increases, blood flow to vital organ decreases • Victim goes into mild shock • Symptoms: • Normal to below temperature, pale, moist cool skin, headache and exhaustion • Have victim rest in cool place, provide water and void further activity

47. Move to cool area, cool water and CALL “911” Ice to waists, ankles and armpit DO NOT apply rubbing alcohol Give 4 oz of H2O every 15 min. Heat Stroke • Occurs when heat exhaustion symptoms are overlooked • Sweating stops • Body temperature rises • Signs: hot, red, dry skin rapid weak pulse, shallowing breathing

48. Proper Hydration • Avoid sport drinks prior to or during practice/game • Drinks: Water or Propel • Avoid red drinks • Avoid soda or caffeinated beverages • Ask players to drink water prior to game/practice

49. Proper Techniques for warm up/stretching . Do not bounce during stretching . Stretch each muscle for 10 to 15 sec . Light jog before game

50. Baseball Related Injuries . Ankles . Knees . Shoulders . Rib cage . Feet Early in the season due to shoes