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Daily Review #3

Daily Review #3. Compare and contrast passive and active transport. (How are they similar and how are they different?) Describe the structure of a cell membrane. How are cell membranes fluid mosaics and semi-permeable?. Osmosis. Involves water Important for homeostasis

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Daily Review #3

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  1. Daily Review #3 • Compare and contrast passive and active transport. (How are they similar and how are they different?) • Describe the structure of a cell membrane. • How are cell membranes fluid mosaics and semi-permeable?

  2. Osmosis Involves water Important for homeostasis Facilitated diffusion High to low concentration Passive transport Aquaporins Membrane proteins Specific for water

  3. What if water is equal inside and outside? • Isotonic • Equal concentrations • Solute and water • Osmosis in and out equally • Cell stays same size

  4. …More water outside than inside • Environment hypotonic • Lower solute than cell • Higher water than cell • Water moves in the cell • Results • Can pump out water • Contractile vacuole • Animal cell - lyse • Plant cell - turgid

  5. …More water inside than outside • Environment hypertonic • Higher solute than cell • Lower water than cell • Water moves out of the cell • Results • Animal cell – shrinks • Plant cell – plasmolysis • Needs to take in water to survive

  6. Exercise Sweat Lose water and electrolytes Osmosis Dehydrates cells Sports drinks Electrolytes Importance to body Replacement Retains water Increase urge to drink Carbohydrates Speed water absorption Too much slows absorption Energy source http://runnersmark.blogspot.com/2013/06/on-sports-drinks.html

  7. Daily Review #4 • Quiz

  8. Cell Wall Outside cell membrane Plant cells, some bacteria Purpose Maintains shape Support Protection Porous

  9. Daily Review #5 • How, when and why are sports drinks beneficial for athletes? • Compare and contrast cell membranes and cell walls. • Define • Hypotonic • Hypertonic • Isotonic • Plasmolysis • Lyse

  10. Cell Organelles • Do the work • Like a factory • Cytoplasm • Support

  11. Nucleus • Eukaryotes • Plants and animals • Structure • Nuclear membrane • Pores • Nucleolus • DNA • Chromatin • Chromosomes • Make proteins

  12. Purpose Control center Make ribosomes

  13. Mitochondria Eukaryotes Plants and animals Power plants Change food energy into usable form Sugar + O2 ATP Double membrane Inner is heavily folded Contains small DNA and ribosomes Inherited from your mother

  14. Chloroplasts Plant and similar cells Photosynthesis Sun + CO2 ATP + sugar Outer membrane Stacks of inner membranes Contain chlorophyll Small amounts of DNA

  15. Vacuole • Central • Plants • Storage • Contractile • Elimination

  16. Daily Review #6

  17. Ribosomes Made by nucleolus Assemble proteins “Read” DNA instructions Location Free Attached to endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

  18. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Internal membrane system Attached to nucleus Rough Has ribosomes Smooth Makes membrane lipids Purpose Further assembles proteins Makes membranes

  19. Golgi Apparatus • Stack of flattened membranes • In cytoplasm • Purpose • Finish, sort, label proteins • Ship proteins in vesicles

  20. Daily Review #7

  21. Bulk Cellular Transport Larger molecules or clumps of material across the membrane Passive Two types: Endocytosis Exocytosis

  22. Endocytosis Membrane forms pocket Pocket breaks lose Forms a vesicle inside the cytoplasm Types of endocytosis: Phagocytosis Pinocytosis

  23. Exocytosis Releases material from inside the cell Membrane of a vacuole or vesicle fuses with the cell membrane Forces the vacuole/vesicle contents out of the cell. Contractile vacuoles

  24. Lysosomes • Membrane sac of digestive enzymes • Purpose • Digest food • Clean up crew • Recycle

  25. Daily Review #8 • Add lysosomes to your cell organelle chart • Definitions • Exocytosis • Endocytosis • Phagocytosis • Pinocytosis

  26. Cytoskeleton Long threads of protein fibers Function Transportation Maintain shape Support Movement

  27. Centrioles 9+2 Perpendicular pairs Move chromosomes Active during cell division Animal cells

  28. Other Structures • Purpose - movement • Mainly in bacteria • Cilia • Flagella

  29. Daily Review #9 • Add to cell organelle chart • Cytoskeleton • Centriole • Flagella • Cilia

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