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The Republic of China

The Republic of China. Ch. 26 (pp. 764 – 766), Ch. 28 (pp. 812 – 814), Ch. 29 (pp. 841 – 851). China, Japan and the Western Powers. Post 1850: China resisted Western influence > became weaker Japan industrialized/modernized > became stronger. Japan Confronts China.

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The Republic of China

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  1. The Republic of China Ch. 26 (pp. 764 – 766), Ch. 28 (pp. 812 – 814), Ch. 29 (pp. 841 – 851)

  2. China, Japan and the Western Powers • Post 1850: • China resisted Western influence > became weaker • Japan industrialized/modernized > became stronger

  3. Japan Confronts China • Japan industrialized to avoid European imperialism, instead used its industry to create its own empire • Yamagata Aritoma • Meiji prime minister interested in maintaining Japan’s “sphere of influence” in Korea, Manchuria and parts of China • Required militarization/industrialization in those territories • 1894, Sino-Japanese War forced Chinese out of Korea • 1905, Russo-Japanese War allowed Japan to occupy parts of Manchuria

  4. Social and Economic Change • China • Largest pop. in the world • Inadequate farming methods • Gap b/t rich & poor • Japan • Few natural resources • Growing population • Rapid industrialization • Controlled by wealthy zaibatsu • Dependent on foreign trade • Exported silk/manufactured goods • Imported fuel/raw materials

  5. Revolution and War, 1900 - 1919 • 1908, Empress Dowager Cixi died • Many opposed and sought to modernize China • Sun Yatsen • Political reformer (democracy, socialism, Confucianism) • Followers known as the Goumindang (Kuomintang) • Led failed attempt to overthrow Qing • 1911, Yuan Shikai(general) used military to overthrow Qing • Established Republic of China • Opposed Western-style gov.

  6. Revolution and War, 1900 - 1919 • During WWI, Japan joined Allied powers to take advantage of German colonies in Asia • Japan also presented China with Twenty-One Demands that turned it into a virtual protectorate • May 4, 1919 (May 4th Movement) • Chinese students demonstrated at Forbidden City in Beijing • In response to Shikai’s weak response to Treaty of Versailles and his inability to curb Japan’s influence in East Asia

  7. Chinese Warlords and the Goumindang • 1925, Sun Yatsen died and Chiang Kai-Shek (military leader) used his army to defeat China’s regional warlords and take control of the R.O.C. • Established corrupt military dictatorship • Oppressed peasants and communists

  8. East Asia, 1930 • Depression had crippled Japan’s export economy • Nationalists sought a colonial empire to break Japan’s reliance on foreign trade • As Goumindang grew stronger in China, it prepared to challenge the Japanese in Manchuria

  9. The Long March • Goumindangfaced opposition from Communists led by Mao Zedong • Humble origins • Emphasized importance of peasants • Advocated equality for women • Used guerilla warfare to harass Goumindang • 1934, Goumindang led offensive against Communists forcing them to flee 6,000 miles from southeastern to northwestern China • Only 4,000 (including Mao) of 100,000 survived the journey

  10. Rise of the Communist Party • Sep. 1945, Japanese were forced to retreat from China • Though Goumindang had better funding/weapons, Mao’s Communists were able to defeat them by 1949 using the support of the peasants • Established the People’s Republic of China

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