Owner’s Fund

1. Sources of Business Finance Owner’s Fund Borrowed funds’ refer to the funds raised through loans or borrowings. The sources for raising borrowed funds include loans from commercial banks, loans from financial institutions, issue of debentures, public deposits and trade credit. Such sources provide funds for a specified period, on certain terms and conditions and have to be repaid after the expiry of that period. Borrowed Fund Debentures Public Deposits Loans from Banks Trade Credit

2. Borrowed Fund Debentures Debentures are an important instrument for raising long term debt capital. A company can raise funds through issue of debentures, which bear a fixed rate of interest. The debenture issued by a company is an acknowledgment that the company has borrowed a certain amount of money, which it promises to repay at a future date. • Highlights • Debentures carries a fixed rate of interest as the return to its holders. • Debenture holders are the creditors of the company. • Public issue of debentures requires • that the issue be rated by a credit • rating agency like CRISIL (Credit • Rating and Information Services of • India Ltd.) • Debentures are generally considered • as the less risky on the point of view • of the investors as it carries a fixed • interest.

3. Borrowed Fund Advantages Debentures Economic Source of Finance No Profit sharing Debentures Less Risk Control Suitable for stable companies On the view point of the investors debentures seems to be less risky as it provides a fixed rate of return on their investment. hence it is preferred by investors who want fixed income at lesser risk.

4. Borrowed Fund Advantages Debentures Economic Source of Finance No Profit sharing Suitable for stable companies Debentures Less Risk Control The issue of debentures is suitable in the situation when the sales and earnings are relatively stable, because under such situations the companies can pay the interest without default.

5. Borrowed Fund Advantages Debentures Suitable for stable companies Economic Source of Finance No Profit sharing Debentures Less Risk Control Financing through debentures is less costly as compared to cost of preference or equity capital as the interest payment on debentures is tax deductible.

6. Borrowed Fund Advantages Debentures Economic Source of Finance No Profit sharing Debentures Less Risk Control Debentures are fixed charge funds carrying interest as the return to the investor. Hence it is not necessary to distribute the profit of the company among the debenture holders. Suitable for stable companies

7. Borrowed Fund Advantages Debentures Economic Source of Finance No Profit sharing Debentures Less Risk Control No Voting Right Suitable for stable companies As debentures do not carry voting rights and hence financing through debentures does not dilute control of equity shareholders on Management.

8. Borrowed Fund Commercial Banks Commercial banks occupy a vital position as they provide funds for different purposes as well as for different time periods. Banks extend loans to firms of all sizes and in many ways, like cash credits, overdrafts, term loans, purchase/ discounting of bills, and issue of letter of credit. • Not a permanent source of finance. • Financial assistance on the basis of collateral security. • Loan cam be repaid in either lump sum or in installments. • Rate of interest may vary depending on the period of repayment, nature of loan etc. • Flexible source of finance.

9. Borrowed Fund Advantages Debentures Flexible Source of Finance Less Formalities Secrecy of Business Commercial Banks Timely Assistance

10. Borrowed Fund Advantages Debentures Flexible source of Finance Less Formalities Commercial Banks Timely Assistance Secrecy of Business Commercial Banks provide timely assistance to business by providing funds as and when needed by it. Hence it proved to be a reliable source of finance to the firms.

11. Borrowed Fund Advantages Debentures Flexible Source of Finance Secrecy of Business Less Formalities Commercial Banks Timely Assistance Commercial banks does not disclose the account details of its customers to others. Hence the Secrecy of business can be maintained and the information supplied to the bank by the borrowers is kept confidential

12. Borrowed Fund Advantages Debentures Flexible Source of Finance Secrecy of Business Less Formalities Commercial Banks Timely Assistance Loans from commercial banks are less formal as compared to issue of shares as the formalities such as issue of prospectus and underwriting are not required for raising loans from a bank. No prospectus No underwriting

13. Borrowed Fund Advantages Debentures Flexible Source of Finance Secrecy of Business Less Formalities Commercial Banks Timely Assistance Loan from a bank is a flexible source of finance as the loan amount can be increased according to business needs and can be repaid in advance when funds are not needed. Flexible Amount Easy Repayments

14. Borrowed Fund Public Deposit The deposits that are raised by organisationsdirectly from the public are known as public deposits. Rates of interest offered on public deposits are usually higher than that offered on bank deposits. Any person who is interested in depositing money in an organisationcan do so by filling up a prescribed form. • Suitable for short term and • medium term finance. • Simple procedures than a loan agreement. • Less Costly as compared to loans • and other sources. • Public deposits do not usually • create any charge on the assets • of the company. • As the depositors do not have • voting rights, the control of the • company is not diluted.

15. Borrowed Fund Trade Credit Trade credit is the credit extended by one trader to another for the purchase of goods and services. Trade credit facilitates the purchase of supplies without immediate payment. Such credit appears in the records of the buyer of goods as ‘sundry creditors’ or ‘accounts payable’. Advantages of Trade Credit • Convenient and • continuous source of funds. • Trade credit may be readily • available in case the credit worthiness of the customers is known to the seller. • Trade credit needs to promote • the sales of an organization. • It does not create any charge on • the assets of the firm while • providing funds.