Behavioral Critique of Voldemort

1. Behavioral Critique of Voldemort Criminological explanation of the most evil dark wizard of all time

2. Voldermort Background • Born Tom Marvelo Riddle • Witch/Squib Mother – Merope • Muggle Father – Tom Riddle • Raised in Orphanage • Attended Hogwarts from years 11 -17 • History of anger, anti-socialism, sadism, lack of empathy • Very intelligent

3. What does Crim Theory do? • Attempt to explain past behavior • Predict future behavior • Summarize the current knowledge • Control and prevent with policy implementation

4. Schools of Criminology Positive Classical CesareBeccaria (1760s) Free will and rationality control behavior. Individual is responsible for guilt Deterrents are in use Little/no discretion “Get Tough” mentality • Behavior governed by external stimuli. • Low individual responsibility. • No logical guilt or punishment • Focus on rehabilitation • Meet societal and human needs of the offender. The world of Harry Potter encompasses both schools of thought but is much more Classical. Free will is a major component and even Dumbledore can be classified as a Classicalist.

5. Types of Violent Offenders • Culturally –subculture of violence • Criminally – violence is means to an end • Pathologically = mentally ill and damaged • Situationally = crimes of passion

6. Voldemort Typologies Criminally Culturally He creates a type of gang with a violent sub-culture, the Death Eaters. • Violence is a mean to get to the end of power and control of the wizarding world.

7. Theory 1 – Social Bonding Travis Hirschi Stronger Bonds = Less deviant actions • Attachment = to significant others ie. parents • Involvement = in conventional activities • Belief = belief in morals, laws, and rules • Commitment = time and energy in conventional activities

8. Voldemort’s Inadequate Bonding • Had no attachment to father and rejected mother. • Did not associate with other children, made up his own violent games and activities • Lacked apathy and moral sense from early age • Was committed to deviant acts not conventional activities.

9. Theory 2 – Strain (Anomie) Theory Focus on Agnew’s General Strain • Positive Stimuli • Negative Stimuli • Protective Factors RESULTS IN POSSIBLE CRIMINAL ACTIONS, MENTAL, AND EMOTIONAL ISSUES

10. A Life of Strain and Frustration • Had little positive stimuli • Hogwarts after age 11 • Attachment to school and grades • Negative Stimuli • Labeling from Dumbledore • Lack of trust • No support system; family and friends • Protective Factors • Mostly Hogwarts

11. Theory 3– Differential Association • Commonly referred to as Social Learning Theory. • A person is taught how to act in a criminal and deviant manner. • Peers and family can “transmit” this deviant knowledge • Associations, Number of Contacts, Time of Contact, Intensity of Contact, Duration of Contact • Think of Monkey See Monkey Do

12. Where did this Behavior come from? • I do not think Differential Association is really applicable. • No one taught him to be violent to the orphans, to maim, and to kill. • He had gone farther than any other wizard into the Dark Arts.

13. Theory 4 – Routine Activities Cohen and Felson • Motivated Offender • Attractive/Easy Target • Lack of Capable Guardian **Often used to describe property crimes but can be applied to other aspects as well – especially within Harry Potter**

15. Theory 5 - Labeling • Edwin Lemart • Self-fulfilling prophecy • “Good” vs. “Bad” • Self-internalizing • Presumptions on behavior • Influenced by family and community connections

16. Just A Bad Egg • Dumbedore claimed to always know something was “wrong” with Tom Riddle. • Destiny – Slytherin’s descendant • Other professors thought he was wonderful and could do no wrong, ie. Slughorn

17. Integrative Theories It is commonly accepted that not one theory can explain all behavior. Therefore it is necessary to combine theories into an integrative approach. In this instance, I would explain his behavior with a combination of social bonding, strain, and routine activities, with a special focus on social boding.