History 123: England to 1688

1. History 123: England to 1688 London, by Georg Braun and Franz Hogenberg, 1560

2. From the Stone Age to Modern Britain Basics Three Books; Online Readings Syllabus; Note Important Dates Course Overview How did an insignificant island outpost of the Roman Empire rise to become a world power? Chronological Progression Political Development Social and Religious Change England and Europe Neolithic Burial Chamber, c. 2500-1900 BCE

3. Pre-Roman Britain and the Roman Empire “Celtic” Tribes & Religion Stone Circles & Chalk Drawings Modern Archaeology Roman Invasions 1st cent. BCE, CE Clash of Civilizations The Legacy of the Romans “What have the Romans ever done for us?”

4. Anglo-Saxon England Retreat of Roman Empire, c. 450 Migration of Germanic Tribes Competition with Native Peoples Arthurian Legend Differences of Language & Culture Arrival and Success of Christianity Monastic Foundations Viking Raids and Danish Rule Replica Helmet, Sutton Hoo, c. 8th cent.

5. The Norman Invasion and “French” England 1066: The Norman Conquest DomesdayBook Taxation and Inventory Magna Carta & Parliament French Language Population and Plague Urban, Rural Societies Religion in English Chaucer & Popular Ideas Wyclif and the Bible Civil War – War of the Roses Durham Cathedral, built c. 1100

6. Tudor-Stuart England Tudor Dynasty Henry Tudor, Welshman Henry VIII (& 6 Wives) Edward VI, and (Bloody) Mary Elizabeth, Virgin Queen Stuart Dynasty James VI, King of Scots Charles, Idiot Civil Wars and Revolution Restoration of Monarchy Revolution (again) and Dutch Invasion Henry VIII, by Hans Holbein, 1537

7. Geography and Characteristics England’s Neighbors 21 Miles from Dover to Calais Wales West, Scotland North Ireland across the Sea Situation in the North Atlantic Cool + Wet = Rain (Green) Warm Medieval Period Palm Trees and Vineyards Little Ice Age Frozen River Festivals Regional Variation South & East, North & West

8. Of Chalk & Cheese South & East Crop Farming (good land) London, Thames Estuary Kent, Essex, East Anglia Canterbury, Oxbridge South & West Farming, Mining Wales – Mountains, Sheep The Midlands & North Stratford, Warwick Pennine Ridge Pasture Farming, Mining Scotland – Low, Highlands Orkney, Shetland Isles Hebrides

9. Political and Ecclesiastical Units Divisions into Counties, Seats Cambridgeshire Oxfordshire Leicestershire Gloucestershire Derbyshire Division of Bishoprics, Parishes Canterbury, York Winchester Rochester London Durham