NEW ENGLAND, Puritans, Pilgrims, and the Mayflower Compact

1. NEW ENGLAND, Puritans, Pilgrims, and the Mayflower Compact

2. Colonial Timeline Part 1

3. Colonial Timeline Part 2

4. New England • #1 WHAT WAS JAMESTOWN, WHY WAS IT SET UP, AND WHY WAS IT EVENTUALLY SUCESSFUL, make sure you talk about land and voting. • Jamestown was the first successful ENGLISH colony in America. • The harvesting of tobacco eventually made it successful. “Brown Gold” instead of real gold • The Headwright System gave 50 acres to every person who could make it over. • Land was a premium in Europe and lifted their status in society, allowed them to vote, and gave them other privileges. • Landowners in Virginia were granted the same rights, and even set up their own representing legislature called the House of Burgesses to represent white landowning males. • First example of a representative government in America. • Sets an example which we still use today!

5. Separatists vs. Puritans

6. Separatists (Puritan Calvinists) • Separatist Beliefs: • Puritans who believed only “visible saints” [those who could demonstrate in front of their fellow Puritans their elect status] should be admitted to church membership. • Because the Church of England enrolled all the king’s subjects, Separatists felt they had to share churches with the “damned.” • Therefore, they believed in a total break from the Church of England.

7. Puritanism • Calvinism Institutes of the Christian Religion • Predestination. • Good works could not save those predestined for hell. • No one could be certain of their spiritual status. • Gnawing doubts led to constantly seeking signs of “conversion.” • Puritans: (LIVE LIFE PURILY ACCORDING TO THE BIBLE!) • Want to totally reform [purify] the Church of England. • Grew impatient with the slow process of Protestant Reformation back in England.

8. New England • #2 Describe why many people were upset with the New Church of England, and what the difference was between Puritans and Separatists? • They believed it wasn’t different enough from the Catholic Church. • Puritans believed in a pure form of a church and society purely according to the bible, where as • Separatists believed that a new church should be separate from the Catholic Church altogether.

9. New England • #3 What is a Pilgrim, were they Puritans or separatists, and why did they leave for America, and why did they sign the Mayflower Compact? • Someone that travels for a religious journey • They were separatists • For religious freedom • To set up rules that said they would govern themselves though DIRECT DEMOCRACY.

10. New England • #4 Why did the Puritans settle the Massachusetts Bay Colony, and describe why their leader John Winthrop called New England a City on the Hill? • To practice their PURE biblical religion and connect that religion to the government in the colony. • He thought that they should be an example for all other communities around the world to follow. • Get city on a hill up high so people can see and honor it. • Do you think we are a city on the hill? • Talk to the people around you and discuss what a city on the hill should look like.

11. The MA Bay Colony • 1629  non-Separatists got a royal charter to form the MA Bay Co. • Wanted to escape attacks by conservatives in the Church of England. • They didn’t want to leave the Church, just its “impurities.” • 1630  1,000 people set off in 11 well-stocked ships • Established a colony with Boston as its hub. • “Great Migration” of the 1630s • Turmoil in England [leading to the English Civil War] sent about 70,000 Puritans to America. • Not all Puritans  20,000 came to MA.

12. John Winthrop • Well-off attorney and manor lord in England. • Became 1st governor of Massachusetts. • Believed that he had a “calling” from God to lead there. • Served as governor or deputy-governor for 19 years. We shall be as a city on a hill..

13. Characteristics of New England Settlements • Low mortality  average life expectancy was 70 years of age. • Many extended families. • Average 6 children per family. • Average age at marriage: • Women – 22 years old • Men – 27 years old.

14. Patriarchy Authoritarian male father figures controlled each household. Patriarchal ministers and magistrates controlled church congregations and household patriarchs.

15. New England • #5 In order to vote or just be a part of the Massachusetts Bay Colony what did you have to be, and what did many people call the colony? • You had to be part of, and follow all the rules of, the Puritan Church. • It is often called a Puritan Commonwealth, which means the Puritan’s ran the government and everything else. • Very strict society. Harsh on anyone who didn’t follow the rules.

16. New England • #6 Who was Roger Williams, why was he sent away from the Massachusetts Bay Colony, and what core American value did he believe about religion and government? • He was separatist leader that was sent away from the Mass Bay Colony for not following Church Rules. • He believed in the Separation of Church and State. • He ended up starting the Colony of Rhode Island.

17. Puritan “Rebels” • Young, popular minister in Salem. • Argued for a full break with the Anglican Church. • Condemned MA Bay Charter. • Did not give fair compensation to Indians. • Denied authority of civil govt. to regulate religious behavior. • 1635  found guilty of preaching newe & dangerous opinions and was exiled. Roger Williams

18. Rhode Island • 1636  Roger Williams fled there. • MA Bay Puritans had wanted to exile him to England to prevent him from founding a competing colony. • Remarkable political freedom in Providence, RI • Universal manhood suffrage  later restricted by a property qualification. • Opposed to special privilege of any kind  freedom of opportunity for all. • RI becomes known as the “Sewer” because it is seen by the Puritans as a dumping ground for unbelievers and religious dissenters  More liberal than any other colony!

19. Puritan “Rebels” • Intelligent, strong-willed,well-spoken woman. • Threatened patriarchal control. • Antinomialism [direct revelation] • Means “against the law.” • Carried to logical extremes Puritan doctrine of predestination. • Holy life was no sure sign of salvation. • Truly saved didn’t need to obey the law of either God or man. AnneHutchinson

20. Anne Hutchinson’s Trial • 1638  she confounded the Puritan leaders for days. • Eventually bragged that she had received her beliefs DIRECTLY from God. • Direct revelation was even more serious than the heresy of antinomianism. WHY?? • Puritan leaders banished her  she & her family traveled to RI and later to NY. • She and all but one member of her family were killed in an Indian attack in Westchester County. • John Winthrop saw God’s hand in this!

21. New England Spreads Out

22. New England Spreads Out

23. Population of the New England Colonies

24. Population Comparisons:New England v. the Chesapeake

25. New England (Review) • Why did they call themselves Separatists and Pilgrims? • They wanted to separate from the Anglican Church of England, and the Catholic Church in Europe. • They took a religious trip to New England to set up a new way of worship in the new world.

26. New England (Review) • Why did they call themselves Puritans? • They wanted to purify the Christian church STRICTLY according to the bible.

27. New England • #7 What is the significance of the Mayflower Compact, and the House of Burgesses? • The Mayflower Compact sets up a precedent of direct democracy in New England which is still used today in New England town meetings, and some of our local elections. • The House of Burgesses set a precedent of representative democracy in the new world which we still use today when we elect a new congress.

28. Middle Colonies

29. Middle Colonies • #8 Explain why the Dutch surrendered New Netherlands, what England renamed it and why, plus what other Colonies did the English add to the Middle Colony area? • They didn’t really have a choice because the local colonist were upset with the Dutch rule, and the English were much more powerful • New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware

30. New Amsterdam Harbor, 1639 Company town run in interests of the stockholders. No interest in religious toleration, free speech, or democracy. Governors appointed by the Company were autocratic. Religious dissenters against Dutch Reformed Church [including Quakers] were persecuted. Local assembly with limited power to make laws established after repeated protests by colonists.

31. New Netherlands Becomes a British Royal Colony • Charles II granted New Netherland’s land to his brother, the Duke of York, [before he controlled the area!] • 1664  English soldiers arrived. • Dutch had little ammunition and poor defenses. • Stuyvesant forced to surrender without firing a shot. • Renamed “New York” • England gained strategic harbor between her northern & southern colonies. • England now controlled the Atlantic coast!

32. Duke of York’s Original Charter

33. New Amsterdam, 1664

34. Dutch Residue in New York Early 20c Dutch Revival Building in NYC. New York Cityseal. Names  Harlem, Brooklyn Architecture  gambrel roof Customs  Easter eggs, Santa Claus, waffles, bowling, sleighing, skating, kolf [golf].

35. Middle Colonies • #9 Describe the financial agreement that William Penn and King Charles II made that started the Pennsylvania colony. • King Charles II owed Penn’s father a large sum of money which he didn’t have. • He offered Penn colonial land west of New York. • Penn took it and named it after his father and the fact that it was so wooded. • Penn’s woods = Pennsylvania

36. Royal Land Grant to Penn

37. Middle Colonies • #10 Why did Penn want to start a colony for Quakers, and describe how the following 3 items helped Pennsylvania become a successful colony: • He wanted to start one for Quakers because they were being persecuted in Europe. • Thrown in jail even. • CONT. ON NEXT SLIDE….

38. Middle Colonies • #10 CONT….. Why did Penn want to start a colony for Quakers, and describe how the following 3 items helped Pennsylvania become a successful colony: • Native Americans • Paid them for land, wow what a concept huh? • Settler Farmers • Cheap affordable prices for land • Other Christian Protestant Faiths • Allowed all Christian faiths to come and practice their religion free of persecution. • These policies made Pennsylvania very successful

39. Penn & Native Americans • Bought [didn’t simply take] land from Indians. • Quakers went among the Indians unarmed. • BUT…….. non-Quaker Europeans flooded PA • Treated native peoples poorly. • This undermined the actions of the Quakers!

40. Penn’s Treaty with theNative Americans

41. Government of Pennsylvania • Representative assembly elected by landowners. • No tax-supported church. • Freedom of worship guaranteed to all. • Forced to deny right to vote & hold office to Catholics & Jews by English govt. • Death penalty only for treason & murder. • Compared to 200 capital crimes in England!

42. Pennsylvanian Society • Attracted many different people • Religious misfits from other colonies. • Many different ethnic groups. • No provision for military defense. • No restrictions on immigration. • No slavery!! • “Blue Laws” [sumptuary laws]  against stage plays, cards, dice, excessive hilarity, etc. A society that gave its citizens economic opportunity, civil liberty, & religious freedom!!

43. Philadelphia & Boston Compared

44. Urban Population Growth1650 - 1775

45. The Quakers • Called Quakers because they “quaked” during intense religious practices. • They offended religious & secular leaders in England. • Refused to pay taxes to support the Church of England. • They met without paid clergy • Believed all were children of God refused to treat the upper classes with deference. • Keep hats on. • Addressed them as commoners  ”thees”/“thous.” • Wouldn’t take oaths. • Pacifists.

46. Penn’s Treaty with theNative Americans

47. Government of Pennsylvania • Representative assembly elected by landowners. • No tax-supported church. • Freedom of worship guaranteed to all. • Forced to deny right to vote & hold office to Catholics & Jews by English govt. • Death penalty only for treason & murder. • Compared to 200 capital crimes in England!

48. Pennsylvanian Society • Attracted many different people • Religious misfits from other colonies. • Many different ethnic groups. • No provision for military defense. • No restrictions on immigration. • No slavery!! • “Blue Laws” [sumptuary laws]  against stage plays, cards, dice, excessive hilarity, etc. A society that gave its citizens economic opportunity, civil liberty, & religious freedom!!

49. Delaware — PA’s Neighbor Named after Lord De La Warr [harsh military governor of VA in 1610]. Closely associated with Penn’s colony. 1703  granted its own assembly. Remained under the control of PA until the American Revolution.

50. Urban Population Growth1650 - 1775