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Groupware

Groupware. IST 331.1 Spring 2003 Lecture 10. What is Groupware?. Software designed: to support group work with cooperative requirements in mind Groupware can be classified by: when and where the participants are working the function it performs for cooperative work.

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Groupware

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  1. Groupware IST 331.1 Spring 2003 Lecture 10

  2. What is Groupware? • Software designed: • to support group work • with cooperative requirements in mind • Groupware can be classified by: • when and where the participants are working • the function it performs for cooperative work

  3. Time / Space Matrix • Common axis names: • Time: synchronous / asynchronous • Place: co-located / remote Non-computer communications

  4. Classification by Function

  5. Classification by Function • What interaction does a tool support? • Computer-mediated communication – direct communication between participants • Meeting and decision support systems – capture common understanding • Shared applications and artifacts – supports the participants’ interaction with shared work objects

  6. Computer-Mediated Communication • E-mail and Bulletin Boards • Asynchronous remote communication • Familiar and most successful groupware • Delivery is identical recipients either TO or CC category– difference is social • Differences: • One-to-one – e-mail, direct communication • One-to-many – e-mail, distribution list BB, broadcast distribution • Control: • Sender - e-mail, private distribution list • Administrator – e-mail, shared distribution list • Recipient – BB, subscription to topic

  7. Computer-Mediated Communication • Structured Message Systems • Deal with information overload – Information Lens • Asynchronous remote communication • “Super E-mail” – cross between e-mail and database • Sender fills in specific fields • Recipient filters incoming mail based on field content

  8. Computer-Mediated Communication • Video Conferences • Synchronous remote communication • ISDN + video compression • Major Uses: • Video conferences • Pervasive video for social contact • Integrated with another application • Issues: • Small field of view • Lack of reciprocity • Poor eye contact

  9. Meeting and Decision Support Systems • In design, management, and research we want to: • Generate ideas • Develop ideas • Record ideas • Primary emphasis – common understanding

  10. Meeting and Decision Support Systems • Three types of systems: • Argumentation tools – • Asynchronous co-located • Record the arguments for design decisions • Meeting rooms – • Synchronous co-located • Electronic support for face-to-face meetings • Shared drawing surfaces - • Synchronous remote • Shared drawing board at a distance

  11. Meeting and Decision Support Systems • Argumentation tools • Hypertext like tools to record design rational • Two purposes: • Remind designers of reasons for decisions • Communicating rational between design teams • Mode of collaboration • Very long term

  12. Meeting and Decision Support Systems • Meeting rooms • Electronic support for face-to-face meetings • Individual terminals (recessed) • Large shared screen (electronic whiteboard) • Special software • U or C shaped seating around the screen • Various modes: • Brainstorming, private use, • WYSIWIS – “What you see is what I see” • All screens show the same image • Any participant can write / draw to screen • Issues of social protocol

  13. Meeting and Decision Support Systems • Shared drawing surfaces • Meeting room at a distance • Audio / video for social protocols • Network delays can be a problem • Participants write onto large video screen • Shadow of other participants hand appears on screen • Electronic image integrated with paper and video images

  14. Shared Applications • Shared PC’s & Window Systems • May be either synchronous co-located or synchronous remote • Two main uses: • Using an application jointly to solve a problem • Technical support

  15. Shared Applications • Shared Editors • Collaborate on a document for a short project • Synchronous • Co-authoring Systems • Asynchronous primarily • Used over a much longer period – months • Use hypertext model to support comment and discussion on the project

  16. Shared Applications • Shared Calendar (diary) • Success and failure linked to social needs and behavior of users, i.e. privacy • Asynchronous

  17. Framework for Groupware • The role of the groupware helps understand design issues • Does the software facilitate communication? • Is the software the primary work domain? • Design issues for creating groupware?

  18. Implementing Groupware • Feedback & network delays • Architecture • Client-server (centralized) • Replicated • Robustness & scalability issues

  19. How many different types of groupware do you use? • School • Work

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