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Islamic Fundamentalism

Islamic Fundamentalism. Beliefs and Practices; Social Movements and Groups. Islamic Fundamentalism. Three Types of Modern Islamic Theory: The Madhhabists : Adherents to specific schools of law The Salafi : Qur’anic literalists The Ghulat : Extremists (or cultists) Types of Movements:

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Islamic Fundamentalism

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  1. Islamic Fundamentalism Beliefs and Practices; Social Movements and Groups

  2. Islamic Fundamentalism • Three Types of Modern Islamic Theory: • TheMadhhabists: Adherents to specific schools of law • The Salafi: Qur’anic literalists • The Ghulat: Extremists (or cultists) • Types of Movements: • Islamists • History: • Post Ottoman Period • Jamal ad-din al-Afghani (1837-97): Called for a return to the original principles and ideals of Islam and for greater unity among Islamic peoples • Muhammad Abduh (1849-1905): Islami apologist who taught that morality and law must be adapted to modern conditions in the interest of the common good. • Rashid Rida (1865-1935): Highlighted the relative weakness of Muslim societies vis-à-vis Western colonialism • The Deobandi Movement • Dar al Alum University in Deoband, India • Adhered to Hanafi School of jurisprudence • Social conservatism

  3. Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi • Advocated the creation of an Islamic state governed by sharia law, as interpreted by Shura councils. • An integration of Islam with an ethical scientific view. • The Muslim Brotherhood • Founded by Hassan al Banna in 1928 • The Qur’an as “Constitution” • Provided basic community services including schools, mosques, and workshops • The need to eliminate all non-Muslim imperialism from the world • Sayyid Qutb • The Iranian Revolution • Lebanon and Hezbollah • Tenets and Beliefs: • Belief in revolution to affect social change • Education of women • The use of modern technology within the Islamic state

  4. Islamic Fundamentalism • Fundamentalists • The world is divided into two spheres, Dar al-Islam and Dar al-Harb…Jihad is waged to “remove the obstacles to the religion of God” • Jihad is a religious war with those who are “unbelievers in the mission of the Prophet Muhammad the Prophet.” • A literal approach to the interpretation of the Qur’an • No separation between religious and secular authority…the state should implement Shariah law • Innovation is to be avoided

  5. Islamic Fundamentalism • Some problems: • What is Sharia law? • Regional variation • What is Islam? • Sunni • Shi’ite

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