INEGRATION OF ONSITE-OFFSITE EMERGENCY PLANS- ISSUES & SUGGESTIONS

1. INEGRATION OF ONSITE-OFFSITE EMERGENCY PLANS-ISSUES & SUGGESTIONS 21st October, 2010

2. Presentation By TEC Vidyasagar M.Tech Safety Management Specialist

3. Introductory & Significance

4. Till Bhopal Accident, Much Thought was not given to Chemical Emergencies • Though in other countries Considerable Advances were made • Even Western Industry started reviewing and consolidating their views /approaches/ implementations

5. Learnings of Bhopal Chemical Plant Disaster

7. From Company Side • Emergency Consequences were • not adequately identified • not estimated • An emergency response plan was available as a routine- • never updated • nor familiarised with plant personnel

8. From Public Authorities Side • Emergency Plan not on record- • not known to authorities • No Clarity of Emergency Consequence • No clarity of Role of Administration / • Local Authorities • No coordination or contingency approach, if an emergency occurred • No link on the issue between authority and industry

9. Public • Never knew about such an impending emergency from a Chemical Plant • Never knew consequences • Never knew about their role in case of such emergency • SITUATION WAS A BOLT FROM BLUE for all

10. Bhopal Disaster December 3, 1984 Slide #10

11. INDUSTRIAL EMERGENCIES- DISASTERS-TREND SUDDEN IN NATURE LESS TIME TO THINK AND ACT CONSEQUENCES ARE CATASTROPHIC SEVERE LOSS OF LIFE, PROPERTY/ENVIRONMENT RECOVERY IS DIFFICULT PUBLIC CONCERN

12. Disposition of Entire World-After Bhopal Accident • Every Country / chemical industry questioned about their preparedness • Adequacy of existing administrative / legal / technical arrangements reviewed • Academic Studies carried out

13. Since then Number of Emergency situations occurred in Indian Industry as well as abroad • Increased Understanding in Government / Industry/ Employees / Academicians / General Public

14. What has happened since then

15. Thought Process • Understanding Partly Improved • Preparedness Thinking has come • An Eye is opened • Public Disposition Increased

16. FEW CASES

20. CONSTRUCTION SITE EMERGENCYChimney Collapse

23. PREVENTION • PREVENTION BY DESIGN / • ENGG CONTROL AND • OPERATIONAL PRACTICES • WHEN FAIL • EMERGENCY MITIGATION

24. AVAILABLE OPTIONS • MITIGATION • MINIMISING LOSS OF LIFE • MINIMISING LOSS OF PROPERTY • RESTORATION • REHABILITATION

25. LEGAL PROVISIONS For facing any emergency in most orderly and disciplined manner and to create a strongly operating mechanism, It is essential to derive a “On–Site Emergency Plan” and ‘Off–Site Emergency Plan” as mentioned under various statutes. (A) Factories Act, 1948 and State Rules made there under: Under Section 41- (B) (i) and (iv), Compulsory disclosure of information by the Occupier. Under Rules under Factories Act, preparation of “On – Site Emergency Plan” by the Occupier. Contd… 25

26. Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemicals Rule ( MSIHC ) – 1989.Under Rule – 13 ; Preparation of “On – Site Emergency Plan” by the occupier. Details to be furnished as per Schedule – 11. Occupier shall ensure that a MOCK DRILL of the “On – Site Emergency Plan” is conducted every SIX MONTHS.Contd…. 26

27. (C) Chemical Accidents Rule – 1996 • Under Rule – 3, Constitution of Central Crisis Group to review district On–Site Emergency Plans • Under Rule – 6, Constitution of Central Crisis Group. The APEX body for the state to deal with major Chemical Accidents and provide expertise. •  Under Rule – 8, Constitution of The District and Local crisis group by The State Government . The APEX body in the district to deal with major Chemical Accidents. • Reviews the “On–Site Emergency Plan" • Assist in preparation of “Off–Site Emergency Plan" • One full scaleMock Drill at a site EACH YEAR. • Educate Community & train them for mitigation. 27

28. WHY • For Armed forces, it is said that : More you sweat in peace period, less you bleed on the battle field. • SO More you prepare for Emergency, Less you lose in actual Emergency. 28

29. Phases of Emergency Management

30. 4 Phases of Emergency Management Emergency Management Plans usually cover 4 areas: • Prevention • Preparedness • Response • Recovery

31. TYPES OF EMERGENCY SITUATIONS

32. EMERGENCY /Disaster Management Plan On-site Emergency Off-site Emergency For incident which could affect people and the environment inside the works only For incident which could affect people and the environment outside the works as well

33. Objectives – Preparedness • To detect early and warn • To prevent escalation. • To minimize the effect on people, property and the environment. • Effective rehabilitation of the affected persons • To restore normalcy as quickly as possible.

34. Elements of An Emergency Plan

35. CONSEQUENCES • PRIMARY / SECONDARY • CASCADING

36. Elements – Emergency Plan • Planning to mitigate before some thing occurring-Recognition of Situations • Reliable and early detection of an emergency • The command, coordination and organization structure along with efficient trained personnel. • Resources for handling emergencies.

37. Elements – Emergency Plan • Appropriate emergency response actions. • Effective notification and communication facilities. • Identification of emergency isolation valves.

38. 7. Proper training of concerned personnel. 8. Regular mock drill / rehearsal. 9. Regular review and updation of plan.

39. METHODOLOGY ONSITE EMERGENCY MITIGATION PLANNING

40. IDENTIFY SITUATIONS • ASSESS SITUATIONS FOR CONSEQUENCES (PROBABILITY IS NO MATTER AT THIS STAGE) • ONSITE / OFF SITE

41. EMERGENCY ORGANISATION • EMERGENCY FACILITIES • EMERGENCY COMMUNICATION

42. EMERGENCY ACTIONS (FOR EACH SITUATION ANTICIPATED)-By Each Designated Person or Authority • TRAINING OF PERSONS IN RESPECTIVE RESPONSIBILITIES

43. TESTING AND MOCK DRILL • REVIEW/ COMMUNICATE • UPDATE / COMMUNICATE • BE EVER READY

44. Responsibility INDUSTRY-FACTORY-ORGANISATION

45. Suppositions / Assumptions

46. Emergencies reasonably expected in the work place. • Methods of reporting an emergency. • Alarms and communication systems • How alarms will be activated. • Emergency escape procedures and routes.

47. Procedures assisting the workers and visitrors with disabilities. • Procedures to account for all employees after an evacuation. • Procedures for those who remain behind to operate critical operations. • Names of key personnel. • Rescue and medical procedures.

48. Procedures for special situation, such as precautions involved with certain chemicals and equipment.

49. PLANNING

50. WHY PLAN ? • INCREASING THINKING ACCURACY • MINIMISING REACTION TIME • INTENDED REACTION • POOLING UP OF RESOURCES