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Tamil Nadu’s electricity sector Status and Challenges

Tamil Nadu’s electricity sector Status and Challenges. December 14, 2013 Lawrence Sunderam Hall, Loyola College. Kalpana Dulipsingh | TAMILNADU ELECTRICITY GOVERNANCE INITIATIVE (TEGI) ILUN YANG | World Resources Institutew. OUTLINE . Some Electricity “Basics”

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Tamil Nadu’s electricity sector Status and Challenges

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  1. Tamil Nadu’s electricity sectorStatus and Challenges December 14, 2013 Lawrence Sunderam Hall, Loyola College • Kalpana Dulipsingh | TAMILNADU ELECTRICITY GOVERNANCE INITIATIVE (TEGI) • ILUN YANG | World Resources Institutew

  2. OUTLINE • Some Electricity “Basics” • TN electricity sector – Facts & Gaps • Towards an Integrated Approach in Electricity Planning • Why do we need to concern ourselves with the electricity scenario in TN??

  3. Typical Electrical Power System

  4. Energy vs Power • Energyis referred to as the ability to do work. Energy is measured in units called joules, J. Electrical Energy is measured in watt hrs 1 KwHr = 1 unit of electrical energy = 3.6 MJ MTOE ? MTOE = Million Tons of Oil Equivalent At a thermal plant ,1 MWhis generated with 0.22 TOE fuel (with 39% thermal to electrical conversion efficiency) • Power is the rate at which energy is supplied (or energy per unit time). Power is measured in watts. One watt is equal to one joule supplied per second. Electrical Power P = V X I (V =Voltage, I = Current)

  5. Central Electricity Sector • MOP – Ministry of Power • CEA – Central Electricity Authority • CERC – Central Electricity Regulatory Commission • MNRE – Ministry of New and Renewable Energy • BEE – Bureau of Energy Efficiency Game Changers National Electricity Act of 2003 Electricity Conservation Act of 2001 NAPCC 2008– National Action Plan on Climate Change (8 Missions created)

  6. Institutional set up of Power Sector in Tamil Nadu Source: TERI study - DSM ACTION PLAN in TN

  7. TN – Generation Installed Capacity Installed capacity: 17,540 MW • 10237 MW “firm” power (incl. IPPs & Central share) • 7303 MW “infirm” power (wind, biomass, cogen) Renewable Energy Capacity 
up to 31.03.2013 • Wind Power             7145.00 • Bagasse Cogeneration 659.40 • Biomass Power 177.40 •  Solar Power (SPV) 17.00  Total 7998.80 • Supply: roughly 8,000 MW • Demand: roughly 12,000 MW • Shortage: roughly 4,000 MW • T&D losses: around 18%

  8. Widening demand supply gap • Limited capacity addition, despite several MoU’s and competitive bidding processes • 266.5 MW added in 6 years; while 45,58,000 consumers were added during the same period • Source: Data Hand book www.tangedco.gov.in

  9. Capacity addition: proposed vs. actual • Source: Energy Policy Note, TNEB

  10. Tariffs: Tamil Nadu vs. India (paisa/KwH) • Source: Planning Commission reports

  11. TN Consumption DataSource- 2011 Athena Infonomics

  12. Tamil Nadu – high price paid for electricity • Madurai – electricity cost (Rs/kWh) • Chennai – Grid/DG usage • Madurai – Grid/DG usage • Chennai – electricity cost (Rs/kWh) Heavy reliance on DG set due to • Power outages • Peak hour restrictions and • Maximum demand restrictions Electricity cost based on • Diesel cost • DG set O&M & AMC cost • Cost of electricity from grid Source: New Ventures India Surveys – sample space of offices (O), educational institutes (E), hotels (H), hospitals (M) and retail malls (R)

  13. 100% Electrification in TN? • Source: New Ventures India draft study based on Census data

  14. Tamil Nadu Electricity Governance Initiative

  15. Demand Analysis / Forecast • Per CEA 2013-2014 lGBR report Tn will have 4th highest deficit of 26.5 % with its energy requirement of 99765 MU and 3rd highest Peak deficit of 34.1 % with a 14,971 MW peak load requirement • Conflicting methodologies – use of CAGR • No clearly defined and publicly available data, assumptions, and calibration methodologies • Short term, medium term and long term projections are missing • No publicly available documents for comments and scrutiny.

  16. Demand Analysis /Forecast Limitations to estimating demand include ….. • non-metering of agricultural loads • Restricted/Constrained load due to R&C measures and load shedding • local/circle wide demand information unavailable • Inadequate monitoring equipment • Communication between center -CEA and state agencies not streamlined • Inadequate resources assigned for demand analysis/forecasting • Does not account for unconnected demand (off-grid loads, unelectrified rural areas) , captive generation loads , Tamil Nadu Electricity Governance Initiative

  17. SuppIy Options -Integrating RE, EE and Conventional energy • Detailed studies on potential of avoided capacity in TN with: • PAT and RAPDRP programs • Building sector efficiency • Other DSM programs - EE appliances, SWH, EE street lighting • R&M of power plants to improve efficiency • EE measures in the SME sector. • Studies on cost savings in implementing DSR programs to shift load peaks. • Implementing ‘Time of Use’ metering to balance costs of purchase with tariffs Tamil Nadu Electricity Governance Initiative

  18. Dispatch of energy resources Slide courtesy afi mercados emi report on vre integration

  19. Transmission Bottlenecks Interstate –Asynchronous link – high congestion charges – high elec costsNew link between Solapur and RaichurI Intrastate - lack of wind evacuation infrastructure – idle wind farms –stranded generation Source: CEA - Draft National Electricity Plan (Volume II) – Transmission, Feb- 2012. WR-SR reduction in Bursur-L, Sileru HVDC monopole as per Working Group on Power for 12th Plan, Jan 2012 Source: Transmission and Distribution in India – PGCIL report (2009 data)

  20. TN Electricity Sector - Challenges • Proposed capacity addition 3000MW solar by 2017, vision 2023 envisions 20,000 capacity addition of thermal power. Makes sense?, Realistic? • Financial health – Rs 40,000 cr losses – will FRP help long term? • Bridging the ACS – ARR gap • Transmission bottlenecks • Unmetered Agricultural loads • Impact on welfare, business, livelihood, etc. • Chennai vs. rest of the State; urban TN vs. rural • Fragmented approach: Renewables and EE treated separately; • Civil society capacity / participation – limited • Source: TANGEDCO petition to TNERC, 2011

  21. Why do we need to be concerned about TN’s electricity scenario ?? Unconnected consumers & Unreliable electricity for connected consumers ‘Business-as-usual’ top-down governance; Financial bankrupt utility • Ad hoc capacity addition decision; EE & RE not integrated into electricity planning Widening gap between demand and supply of electricity Limited transparency and accountability; civil society capacity and participation weak

  22. Paradigm Shift in thinking ??source – ILSR (www.ilsr.org)

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