FOR STARTERS

1. FOR STARTERS • Turn to pages 684-685 and answer the following timeline questions: • Which President held office throughout the war? • What killed millions of people worldwide in 1918? • What year did WWI start? • What year did the U.S. enter the war?

2. FOR STARTERS Turn to page 689 and read the “Viewing History” section on gas masks. Read the short article and answer the bold question.

3. FOR STARTERS If you were President of the United States and felt that we needed to declare war on somebody for whatever reason, what would you do to prepare for it? (list things we would need to get together before being able to fight)

4. FOR STARTERS Turn to page 692 and read the graphic organizer entitled “Should the United States Declare War on Germany.” Answer questions 1a, 1b, and 2.

5. FOR STARTERS Write out & answer the following : 1.) Name a Central Power Nation. 2.) Name an Allied Power. 3.) What started (the spark) WWI? 4.) What new weapon was used during WWI? 5.) This term means to agree to stop fighting.

6. FOR STARTERS Turn to page 697 and read “Recognizing Propaganda.” Answer questions 1-4 under “practice the skill.”

7. FOR STARTERS Turn to page 708 and read the cartoon “A Witches’ Brew” Answer questions 1a,1b,2, & 3

8. FOR STARTERS 3.2.1 SUMMARY • Write down 3 vocabulary words you learned • Write down 2 people you learned about • Write down 1cause of WWI You learned about

9. FOR STARTERS INDEPENDENT STUDY & ORGANIZE NOTES **QUIETLY**

10. CONTENT OBJECTIVES • 2.8.3Read and use informational tools • 7.8.17Identify causes, outcome, and consequences of World War I, including: • Sarajevo • alliances and nationalism • weapons and tactics • Treaty of Versailles

11. LANGUAGE OBJECTIVES • SWBAT: • Fulfill the content objectives by analyzing primary sources, taking notes, and viewing pictures and photos.

12. KEY TERMS WORLD WAR I terrorism stalemate propaganda warmonger illiterate pacifists socialist armistice abdicate epidemic

13. TERRORISM Deliberate use of violence to spread fear & achieve political gains

14. STALEMATE Deadlock in which neither side is strong enough to defeat the other

15. PROPAGANDA Spreading of ideas to help a cause or hurt an opposing cause

16. WARMONGER Person who tries to stir up war

17. ILLITERATE Unable to read or write

18. PACIFISTS Person who objects to any war; believes war is evil

19. SOCIALISTS Person who supports community ownership of property & the sharing of all profits

20. ARMISTICE Agreement to stop fighting

21. ABDICATE Give up power Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany

22. EPIDEMIC Rapid spread of a contagious disease

23. CAUSES OF WORLD WAR I

24. 1. NATIONALISM VS. GERMANY FRANCE • France and Germany hated each other they fought a war 40 years earlier1n 1870

25. 2. IMPERIALISM • Countries had been competing over land(mostly in Africa) for 30 years

26. 3. MILITARISM WWI British tank WWI submarine • New fancy weapons were prompting some countries to try them out

27. 4. ALLIANCE NETWORKS • What should have been a small war between two small countries turned into a worldwide conflict due to a series of alliances

28. CENTRAL POWERS • Germany • Austria-Hungary • Italy Italy would eventually switch sides

29. ALLIED POWERS • France • Russia • Britain • U.S.

30. HOW DID THE WAR START? • Austria-Hungary’s Archduke Francis Ferdinand was assassinated by supposed Serbian terrorist group “The Black Hand” • Austria Hungary accused Serbia for assassination.

31. THE DOMINO BEGINS • Russia moved in to protect Serbia • July 28, 1914 Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia • Germany declares war on Russia and their ally France • Britain declares war on Germany • A local crisis turns into a major war

32. SUMMARIZE

33. FIGHTING IN EUROPE

34. TRENCH WARFARE • Mazes of trenches were difficult areas to attack. • Outside the ditch = “No Man’s Land” • New Weapon- GAS

35. BATTLE OF VERDUN Battle of trench warfare which lasted ten months in 1916 both sides lost over 700,000 soldiers

36. "Hell cannot be so terrible as this. Humanity is mad; it must be mad to do what it is doing."  "An artery of French blood was spilt on February 21st and it flows incessantly in large spurts." "I saw a man drinking avidly from a green scum-covered marsh, where lay, his black face downward in the water, a dead man lying on his stomach and swollen as if he had not stopped filling himself with water for days." "To die from a bullet seems to be nothing; parts of our being remain intact; but to be dismembered, torn to pieces, reduced to pulp, this is the fear that flesh cannot support and which is fundamentally the great suffering of the bombardment.“ Anonymous French soldiers

37. WHERE WAS THE U.S. AT THE BEGINNING OF THE WAR? • The U.S. wanted to remain neutralwhen the war started. • The war had a positive effect on U.S. farmers and manufacturers • Each opposing side in the war waged a propaganda campaign in the U.S.

38. When a German U-boat attacked the British passenger ship, the Lusitania, many Americans began calling for war. The Germans promised the U.S. to surface submarines before attacking (they would not keep this promise).

39. THE U.S. ROAD TO WAR • President Wilson’s peace talks failed • Germany sent a secret note to their minister in Mexico. • The Zimmerman telegram instructed the minister to urge Mexico to attack the US if the US declared war on Germany.

40. THE FINAL STRAW • Germans sank American merchant ships, which led to the U.S. declaring war. • Americans had to prepare for war -food, arms, education, training, and people to fight • Selective Service Act required all men 21-30 to register for military draft.

41. SUMMARIZE

42. THE U.S. & WWI

43. MANAGING THE WAR • Herbert Hoover- food administration for troops • Factories became war supply factories • Liberty Bonds- raised $21 billion for the war • Women took over men’s jobs

44. ALLIED SETBACKS • American troops reach France in June 1917 • Allies had lost millions due to illness and starvation • Russia decided to withdraw from war

45. RUSSIA’S DEPARTURE FROM THE WAR • WWI was rough for Russia protests soon turned into a Revolution! • Vladimir Lenin, a socialist who would start the Soviet Union, seized power • They signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk ending Russia’s participation in the war

46. AMERICAN FORCES IN FRANCE • June 1918 many Americans troops in France • General John J. Pershing- commanded the AEF- American Expeditionary Force • Harlem Hell Fighters- African American Unit • Spent more time under fire than any other American unit

47. THE END OF THE WAR • With the help of American troops the allies forced the Germans to retreat. • Armistice= an agreement to stop fighting • US President Wilson set two conditions for an armistice: • Germany must accept his plan for peace • The German Emperor must abdicate his throne

48. ARMISTICE ENDS THE WAR • At 11am on November 11th, 1918 (The eleventh hour, of the eleventh day, of the eleventh month) WWI ended When World War I ended, President Wilson wanted to prevent such an event from ever happening again

49. SUMMARIZE

50. COSTS OF THE WAR • Generation of young Europeans lost their lives (between 8-9 million Europeans were killed). • U.S. lost over 100,000 men • 20 million wounded • Many historians believe as many civilians were killed as soldiers.