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Visualization in science

Visualization in science. Nataša Tepić. dictionary: Visualisation is a relatively new term which describes the process of representing information or ideas by diagrams or graphs . expansion: maps, plots, animations, video, movies,. What is visualization ?.

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Visualization in science

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  1. Visualization in science Nataša Tepić

  2. dictionary: Visualisation is a relatively new term which describes the process of representing information or ideas by diagrams or graphs. expansion: maps, plots, animations, video, movies, ... What isvisualization?

  3. You must never tell a thing. You must illustrate it. We learn through the eye and not the noggin.Will Rogers (1879 - 1935)

  4. One picture is worth ten thousand words. Frederick R. Barnard: Printer's Ink 10.03.1927.

  5. JMP The greatest value of a picture is when it forces us to notice what we never expectedto see. John Tukey

  6. History • till 16thcentury data visualization = maps

  7. the oldest known map (town map)6200 BCMuseum at Konya, Turkey

  8. the first world map- Anaximander from Miletus in Asia Minor (610-546 BC), Turkey(his map has been lost, Herodotus describes it in books“The Histories” II & IV)

  9. History • in 15th century - Nikolaus Krebs (Nicholas of Cusa, Nicolaus Cusanus)developed graphs of distance vs. speed, presumably of the theoretical relation • during 16th century - development of geometric diagrams and various maps for data exploration– official start of data visualization • during 17th century - analytic geometry (René Descartes, Pierre de Fermat, ...) , theories of errors of measurement and estimation, the birth of probability theory, and the beginnings of demographic statistics and '' political arithmetic''

  10. What do we see? • form • color • depth • motion

  11. Human visual system • human sight reacts more intensively on contrast than on intensity • colors which we *see* are not completely identical to the colors in the nature • purpose of human sight is constantobject recognition regardless of angles, distance or lighting

  12. Seeing is a Complex Process • Our brain constructsimage from: • information from our eyes • information stored in our brain

  13. perception • process of collecting information about worldthrough our senses and their interpreting • perception depends on cultural heritage • perception changes with experience

  14. Do you ever get something like this via e-mail?

  15. Optical illusions • Illusions trick us into perceiving something differently than it actually exists, so what we see does not correspond to physical reality. The word illusion comes from the Latin verb illudere meaning, "to mock."

  16. Why areoptical illusionsimportant fordata visualization? • inappropriate visual stimulation can confuse our brain • manipulativevisual stimulation can cause wrong interpretation

  17. Optical illusions • Problems with visual perception: • area • angles • perspective

  18. 10 ?? How much is the area of circle B? A B • answer: 17

  19. angle problem

  20. perspective problem

  21. co-effects

  22. Müller-Lyer

  23. co-effects

  24. co-effects

  25. co-effects (pattern completion)

  26. Johann Poggendorff’s illusion

  27. co-effects

  28. co-effects

  29. co-effects

  30. co-effects

  31. Eye Test

  32. experiment • volunteer • Look at words from left to right. Say aloud the color of the text. Don’t read text. DUBROVNIK

  33. ŽUTAPLAVANARANČASTA • CRNACRVENA ZELENA • LJUBIČASTAŽUTACRVENA • NARANČASTA ZELENACRNA • PLAVACRVENA LJUBIČASTA • ZELENAPLAVANARANČASTA

  34. YELLOWBLUE ORANGE BLACKRED GREEN PURPLE YELLOWRED ORANGE GREENBLACK BLUERED PURPLE GREENBLUEORANGE

  35. This is left-side/right-side-brain conflict. Right-side-brain tries to say color but left-side-brain insists on reading the word.

  36. Color Meaning Colors are non-verbal communication. They have symbolism and color meanings that go beyond ink. redaction, confidence, courage, vitality blueunity, harmony, calmness, coolness, conservatism yellowjoy, optimism, summer, cowardice, greed greenspring, fertility, youth, environment, good luck orange energy, heat,enthusiasm,playfulness purpleroyalty, nobility, ceremony, magic, mystery pinkfemininity, love, beauty

  37. A B male female

  38. Color Blindness Ishihara Test for Color Blindness About 12 - 20 percent of white males and a tiny fraction of females are color blind. Normal Color Vision Red-Green Color Blind Left Middle RightLeft Middle Right Top 25 29 45 25 Spots Spots Bottom 56 6 8 56 Spots Spots 1

  39. small squares –same color or not?

  40. theory .... • Edward E. Tufte (professor emeritus of statistics, graphic design, and political economy) • "The Leonardo da Vinci of data."New York Times • he coined the term "chartjunk“.

  41. chartjunk • This chart shows only five hard-to-read numbers, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16, but the digital file of the image is 11216 bytes (numbers) in size.

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