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Dysfunctional Root Systems and Brief Landscape Lives: Stem Girdling Roots and the Browning of our Landscapes

Dysfunctional Root Systems and Brief Landscape Lives: Stem Girdling Roots and the Browning of our Landscapes. 2010 Woody Plant Conference – Scott Arboretum Gary Johnson The University of Minnesota Department of Forest Resources.

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Dysfunctional Root Systems and Brief Landscape Lives: Stem Girdling Roots and the Browning of our Landscapes

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  1. Dysfunctional Root Systems and Brief Landscape Lives: Stem Girdling Roots and the Browning of our Landscapes 2010 Woody Plant Conference – Scott Arboretum Gary Johnson The University of Minnesota Department of Forest Resources

  2. University of Minnesota Urban Forestry and Horticulture Institute (www.trees.umn.edu) • Gary Johnson, Professor and corresponding presenter. johns054@umn.edu, 612-625-3765. • Chad Giblin, Research Scientist • Jeff Gillman, Associate Professor • Dave Hanson, Research Specialist • Rebecca Koetter, Research Fellow • Sean Peterson, Forestry Technician • Andrea Dierich, Graduate Research Assistant • Davin Shokes, Research Assistant • Emily Hanson, Research Assistant

  3. University of Minnesota Urban Forestry and Horticulture Institute

  4. Some Average Life Spans • Bur Oak 250+ Years* • Silver Maple 125+ Years* • Boxelder 100+ Years* • Jack Pine 80+ Years* • Paper Birch 65+ Years* • Ford F150 Truck 20+ Years** • Urban Core Tree 7-10 Years*** *Silvics of North America. **I Hope. ***Moll, 1989

  5. State of the Urban Forest – 1989G. Moll, American Forests • Average Tree Lifespans* • “Downtown” Urban Trees: 7-10 years. • Suburban Landscape Trees: 30-40 years. • Rural Landscape Trees: 60-70 years. • Native Undisturbed Sites: 150 years. *Based on J. Kielbaso’s research

  6. “Downtown” Urban Trees

  7. “Suburban” Landscape Tree

  8. “Rural” Landscape Tree

  9. Native Undisturbed Sites

  10. Tree Health Decline: Predisposing, Inciting and Contributing Factors • Predisposing: Chronic effects on health. • Inciting: Short-lived, random events. • Contributing: Opportunistic factors.

  11. Common Predisposing Factors • Long-Term Drought • Cold Hardiness Zones • Confined Root Spaces • Poorly-Drained Soil

  12. Common Inciting Events • Seasonal Floods • Non-Target Spray Drift • Weed Trimmer/Lawn Mower Damage • Wind Storms

  13. Common Contributing Agents • Armillaria Root Rot • Two-Lined Chestnut Borer • Bronze-Birch Borer • Target Cankers

  14. Dysfunctional Root Systems as Primary Predisposing Factors

  15. Normal Functional Root Systems Soil Line Branch Root Fine Root

  16. Normal Functional Root Systems 6 year sugar maple root system from seed

  17. Normal Functional Root Systems Pat Bartlett – Bartlett Forestry White spruce root system

  18. Abnormal but Functional Root Systems: Gravel Bed Root Systems

  19. Abnormal but Functional Root Systems: Adventitious Roots

  20. Dysfunctional Root Systems as Primary Predisposing Factors Photo by Dave Hanson Photo by Eric Berg

  21. Dysfunctional Root Systems as Primary Predisposing Factors

  22. Dysfunctional Root Systems as Primary Predisposing Factors Approximately 20 year old root system of linden

  23. Dysfunctional Root Systems as Primary Predisposing Factors

  24. Dysfunctional Root Systems as Primary Predisposing Factors

  25. Dysfunctional Root Systems as Primary Predisposing Factors

  26. Problems With Dysfunctional Root Systems • Reduced Root Spread • Limited Water and Nutrient Uptake • Reduced Photosynthetic Potential • Reduced Energy Reserves

  27. Problems With Dysfunctional Root Systems: Reduced Energy Reserves

  28. Problems With Dysfunctional Root Systems: Water and Nutrient Stress

  29. Problems With Dysfunctional Root Systems: Reduced Photosynthesis

  30. Problems With Dysfunctional Root Systems: Reduced Stability Photo by Eric Berg

  31. Problems With Dysfunctional Root Systems: Reduced Stability Photos by Kameron Kytonen

  32. Diagnosing Dysfunctional Root Problems: What’s Wrong Here?

  33. Diagnosing Dysfunctional Root Problems: What’s Wrong Here?

  34. Diagnosing Dysfunctional Root Problems: What’s Wrong Here?

  35. Diagnosing Dysfunctional Root Problems: What’s Wrong Here?

  36. Diagnosing Dysfunctional Root Problems: What’s Wrong Here?

  37. Diagnosing Dysfunctional Root Problems: What’s Wrong Here?

  38. Diagnosing Dysfunctional Root Problems: What’s Wrong Here?

  39. Diagnosing Dysfunctional Root Problems: What’s Wrong Here?

  40. Diagnosing Dysfunctional Root Problems: What’s Wrong Here?

  41. Diagnosing Dysfunctional Root Problems: What’s Wrong Here?

  42. Diagnosing Dysfunctional Root Problems: What’s Wrong Here?

  43. All Trees Suffered From Same Problem…

  44. Stem Girdling Roots: a Primary Predisposing Factor

  45. Stem Girdling Roots and Storm Failures Photos by Eric Berg

  46. Storm Damage in Minnesota: Failures due to Stem Girdling Roots (1995-2005 n=1584) • 32% of all tree failures • 26% of all boulevard tree failures • 68% of Little-leaf Lindens in boulevards • > 90% of trees that had SGRs had stems buried 4” or more.

  47. Root Collar Examinations as a Diagnostic Tool Photo by Dave Hanson

  48. Treatment Decisions Photo by Dave Hanson

  49. Treatment Decisions Photo by Dave Hanson

  50. Treatment Decisions Photo by Dave Hanson

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