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Meteorology

Explore wind patterns and influences such as pressure gradient, Coriolis force, surface friction, gusts, and diurnal effects. Learn about veering, backing, and their impacts on wind direction. Discover the factors affecting wind strength and direction changes. Dive into the science behind meteorological phenomena.

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Meteorology

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  1. Meteorology 5.07 Wind References: Air Command Weather Manual Chapters 5 and 11 FTGU Pages 129-132

  2. 5.07 Wind • MTPs: • Pressure Gradient • Veering and Backing • Coriolis Force • Surface Friction • Gusts and Squalls • Diurnal Effects

  3. Pressure Gradient • Wind • the horizontal movement of air • caused by pressure differences in the horizontal

  4. Pressure Gradient • Pressure Gradient • the rate of change of pressure over a given distance • measured at right angles to the isobars • close together = steeper gradient and stronger winds • further apart = shallower gradient and weaker winds

  5. Pressure Gradient

  6. Veering and Backing Veering • Wind changes direction clockwise • Wind veers and increases during the day • Wind veers and increases with increase in altitude • Backing • Wind changes direction counter-clockwise • Wind backs and decreases at night • Wind backs and decreases with decrease in altitude

  7. Veering and Backing Example: Winds start the day at 300o and by 1400 the winds are 340o and by night they are 310o

  8. Coriolis Force • Coriolis Force: • Earth turns below atmosphere • In N Hemisphere deflected to the right • To left in S Hemisphere • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_36MiCUS1ro

  9. Confirmation • Wind is: • Pressure Gradient is: • Backing is: • Describe Coriolis Force.

  10. Surface Friction • Surface friction • Friction between surface and atmosphere slows movement of air, this in turn slows Coriolis force • Only up to a few thousand feet (except in mountainous regions)

  11. Gusts and Squalls • Gusts • a briefrapid increase of wind speed. • may be associated with a rapid change in wind direction • Causes may be related to mechanical turbulence and unequal heating

  12. Gusts and Squalls • Squalls • A sudden increase in wind strength • Longer than a gust • May be caused by a fast moving cold front or thunderstorm • May be accompanied by a rapid change in direction

  13. Confirmation • What is surface friction and what are its effects? • Gusty conditions may be caused by

  14. Diurnal Effects • If isobaric pattern and pressure gradient are identical • During day… • At night…

  15. Diurnal Effects Land and Sea Breezes

  16. Diurnal Effects

  17. Diurnal Effects

  18. Diurnal Effects Memory Tool Ana goes up and throws the Kat down. The Kat comes down at night

  19. Diurnal Effects

  20. Diurnal Effects

  21. Confirmation • When do sea breezes occur? • What causes a Katabatic wind? • What is it called when vapour changes to liquid?

  22. The Effects of a Hurricane

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