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Meteorology

Meteorology. Start. Why do we have such a wide variety of weather here in the Great Plains?. Menu. Menu. Precipitation. Menu. Atmosphere. Station Models. Heat & Temperature. Tornadoes. Greenhouse Effect. Satellites. Air Pressure . Radar. Wind. Hurricanes. Air Masses & Fronts.

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Meteorology

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  1. Meteorology Start

  2. Why do we have such a wide variety of weather here in the Great Plains? Menu

  3. Menu

  4. Precipitation Menu Atmosphere Station Models Heat & Temperature Tornadoes Greenhouse Effect Satellites Air Pressure Radar Wind Hurricanes Air Masses & Fronts Storm Tracks Water on Earth Weather Instruments Clouds Menu El Nino

  5. To get Zulu Time Menu

  6. Atmosphere Menu

  7. Menu

  8. Composition of the Atmosphere Menu

  9. Menu

  10. Atmospheric Cycles • Water Cycle • Carbon Cycle • Nitrogen Cycle Menu

  11. Carbon & Nitrogen Cycles Menu

  12. Exosphere AtmosphericLayers Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Stratosphere Menu Troposphere

  13. Menu

  14. Troposphere • “Where the air turns over” • Up and down air movements & H2O vapor • Densest air (at bottom) • 75% of entire atmosphere • “Weather sphere” • From surface up to 8 - 16 km • Average temperature and pressure decrease with altitude Menu

  15. Menu

  16. Menu

  17. Stratosphere • Air flow - horizontal • Little water vapor • Planes fly here • Up to 50 km above surface • Ozone layer at top of stratosphere • Ozone - absorbs and scatters the Sun’s harmful UV rays Menu

  18. Menu

  19. Menu

  20. Menu

  21. Menu

  22. Menu

  23. Mesosphere • “Middle” layer • Temperature decreases with altitude • Coolest temperatures in atmosphere - at top of Mesosphere • Up to 80 km avove surface Menu

  24. Thermosphere • Up to 1000 km above surface • Atmosphere very thin • Warmest layer (over 1000 degrees C) Menu

  25. Ionosphere • From top of Mesosphere into Thermosphere • Sun’s energy strips electrons from atoms to make many ions • Ion - electrically charged particles • Radio waves bounced off this layer back to Earth • Aurora borealis & Aurora australis Menu

  26. Exosphere Atmosphere Quiz • Outer layer of atmosphere • Outer limits not exactly known Menu

  27. Heat Quiz Heat & Temperature Menu

  28. Heat in the Atmosphere • Heat • thermal energy • energy in moving molecules • moves from warm things to cooler things • more energy = more/faster movement Menu

  29. Temperature • Indicates how fast the molecules of an object are moving • Molecules in hot objects move more quickly than in cold • Average kinetic (moving) energy Menu

  30. Temperature in Thermosphere • Temperature is not the same as heat • You would not feel the high temperature in the Thermosphere • Quick moving = high temperature, but • Few molecules = low heat (low energy) Menu

  31. Measuring Heat • Calorie • measures energy • amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celcius • Dietary Calorie = 1000 times larger than a small calorie Menu

  32. Measuring Temperature • 3 Scales • Fahrenheit ( 32 degrees & 212 degrees ) • Celcius ( 0 degrees & 100 degrees ) • Kelvin • Absolute Zero - the temperature at which all molecule vibrations stop • Thermometer • mercury • alcohol Menu

  33. Temperature Scales Temp. conversion Quiz • C = 5/9 ( F - 32) • F = 9/5 C + 32 • C = K - 273 Temp. conversion Wks. Menu

  34. The three different temperature scales have been placed side-by-side in the chart below for comparison. Menu

  35. Heat Transfer • Conduction • movement from one molecule to another • metals = good conductors • gases = poor conductors • not much conduction in “just” atmosphere • transfers heat between air and ground Menu

  36. Heat Transfer • Convection • heated air spreads out = less dense • heated air rises, cooler air sinks • cycle - circular flow of air heats room/atmosphere Menu

  37. Heat Transfer • Radiation • can travel in empty space • travels in straight lines • warms side facing source (ex. Infrared radiation - fireplace) Menu

  38. Menu

  39. Energy from Sun • Sun • Ball of hot gas (surface temp. = 5500 degrees C) • Gives off energy - electromagnetic spectrum • Gamma rays • X-rays • Ultraviolet rays • Visible light - sunlight • Infrared rays • Radio waves Menu

  40. Energy from Sun • As energy approaches Earth: • 1/5 (20%) absorbed by atmosphere (ozone) • 1/3 (30%) reflected back into space (clouds, snow, and atmosphere) • Some visible light scattered by gas/dust particles = blue color of sky • 1/2 (50%) heats land and water (absorption) Menu

  41. Menu

  42. Menu

  43. Isotherm Menu

  44. Isotherm Menu

  45. Isotherm Menu

  46. Isotherm Menu

  47. Menu

  48. Menu

  49. Greenhouse Effect Lab Greenhouse Effect Lab – Data Sheet Greenhouse Effect Menu

  50. Greenhouse Effect • Infrared rays (heat) reflected from Earth are absorbed by CO2 and H2O vapor in atmosphere • Heat “trapped” near Earth’s surface • “Earth’s blanket” Menu

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