The Big Bang Theory and Black Holes

1. The Big Bang Theory and Black Holes

2. The Big Bang TheoryPremise The Big Bang theory is an effort to explain what happened at the very beginning of our universe. Many studies in astronomy and physics have proven that our universe had a beginning. Before that moment there was nothing; during that moment there was something:our universe. The big bang is an attempt to explain what happened during and after that moment.

3. Premise According to the standard theory, our universe came into existence as “singularity” around 13.7 billion years ago. Singularities are zones which defy our current understanding of physics. They are said to exist at the core of “black holes”. Black holes are areas of intense gravitational pressure. The pressure is thought to be so intense that finite matter is actually squished into infinite density. These zones of infinite density are called “singularities” gravitational-gravitazionali existence-esistenza finite-finito

4. The Universe Our universe is thought to have begun as an infinitesimally small, infinitely hot, infinitely dense, something- a singularity. After the universes initial appearance, it apparently inflated (the “Big Bang”), expanded and cooled, going from very small and very hot to the size and temperature of our current universe. Infinitesimally-infinitesimamente dense-denso

5. Big Bang Theory The universe continues to expand and cool to this day and we are inside of it. Incredible creatures living on a unique planet, circling a beautiful clustered together with several hundred billion other stars in a galaxy soaring through cosmos, all of which is inside an expanding universe that began as an infinitesimal singularity which appeared out of nowhere for reasons unknown. Galaxy-galassia

6. Big Bang Theory To further explain the significance of the big bang theory imagine a balloon expanding: an infinitesimally small balloon expanding to the size of our current universe expanding- in espansione

7. The Big Bang occurred an estimated 15 billion years ago. The universe began with a cataclysm that created space and time, as well as all the matter and energy the universe will ever hold. All the space, time, energy, and matter that constitute today's universe originated in the Big Bang. The early universe was extremely small, dense, and hot. For the first fraction of a second, only energy existed. As the universe expanded and cooled, the four fundamental forces (gravity, electromagnetism, and the strong and weak nuclear forces) became distinct. Originated-originati Nuclear-nucleare gravity-gravita Electromagnetism-elettromagnetismo

8. In 1912, American astronomer Vesto Slipher observed a spiral galaxy (considered a "spiral nebula", since astronomers didn't yet know that there were galaxies beyond the Milky Way) and recorded its redshift. He observed that all such nebula were traveling away from the Earth. In 1924, astronomer Edwin Hubble was able to measure the distance to these "nebula" and discovered that they were so far away that they were not actually part of the Milky Way ... he had discovered that the Milky Way was only one of many galaxies, and that these "nebulae" were actually galaxies in their own right.

9. Evidence 1. Reasonably certain that the universe had a beginning. 2. Galaxies appear to be moving away from us at speeds proportional to their distance. This is called “Hubble’s Law”. 3.If the universe was initially very, very hot, we should be able to find some remnant of this heat. In 1965 Radioastronomers discovered a 2.724 degree Kelvin Cosmic Microwave Background radiation which pervades the observable universe. 4. The abundance of the “light elements”. Hydrogen and Helium found in the observable universe are throught to support the Big Bang model of origins

10. Galaxies and space is expanding with the furthest objects moving away from each other at the highest velocitites. Verification of this expansion was confirmed by measured Red Shift of many cosmic objects. Galaxies-le galassie Furthest-piu lontano velocities-velocita

11. Black Holes A black hole is a region of space from which nothing, not even light, can escape. The theory of general relativity predicts that a sufficiently compact mass will deform spacetime to form a black hole. Region-regione deform-deformare spacetime-spazio-tempo

12. Black Holes-Continued black hole is a theoretical entity predicted by the equations of general relativity. A black hole is formed when a star of sufficient mass undergoes gravitational collapse, with most or all of its mass compressed into a sufficiently small area of space, causing infinite spacetime curvature at that point (a "singularity"). Such a massive spacetime curvature allows nothing, not even light, to escape from the "event horizon," or border. Equation-equazione Gravitational collapse- collasso gravitazionale

13. Summary The Big Bang assumes that the creation of our universe is from a singularity, a violation of the law, mass cannot be created. The universe recycles through the existence of Black Holes recycles-ricicla violation-violazione

14. Questions