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GERMANY AND THE REFORMATION – RELIGION AND POLITICS

GERMANY AND THE REFORMATION – RELIGION AND POLITICS. EMPEROR CHARLES V Holy Roman Emperor Austrian Habsburg lands Bohemia Hungary Low Countries Southern Italy Spain Goals of Charles V Keep control over huge empire Maintain Catholicism in empire. 4 MAJOR PROBLEMS FOR CHARLES V.

angelica-saunders
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GERMANY AND THE REFORMATION – RELIGION AND POLITICS

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  1. GERMANY AND THE REFORMATION – RELIGION AND POLITICS • EMPEROR CHARLES V • Holy Roman Emperor • Austrian Habsburg lands • Bohemia • Hungary • Low Countries • Southern Italy • Spain • Goals of Charles V • Keep control over huge empire • Maintain Catholicism in empire

  2. 4 MAJOR PROBLEMS FOR CHARLES V 1. THE FRENCH 2. THE PAPACY 3. THE TURKS 4. INTERNAL PROBLEMS IN GERMANY

  3. THE FRENCH, THE PAPACY, AND THE TURKS • Francis I of France –> great rival to Charles V • The Habsburg-Valois Wars • Charles expected support from the pope to put down Lutheranism in Germany -> pope is afraid of Charles’ power in Italy -> joins with Francis I and France • The Ottoman Turks 1. new threat to Charles in the East 2. Suleiman the Magnificent – sultan of the Ottomans = greatest of the Ottoman leaders 3. turks conquer Hungary -> move into Austria -> threaten Vienna -> stopped in 1529

  4. POLITICS IN GERMANY • By 1530 Charles V is ready to try to deal with Germany 1. hundreds of little states 2. opposed a strong emperor • The Schmalkaldic League = alliance of German Protestant princes • The Schmalkaldic Wars • PEACE OF AUGSBURG 1555 • Charles steps down as Holy Roman Emperor and retires -> divides his empire in half 1. brother Ferdinand – Germany 2. son Philip – Spain and everything else

  5. THE SPREAD OF THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION • The Reformation started as a religious or spiritual conflict • Leads to political conflict = THE WARS OF RELIGION

  6. LUTHERANISM IN SCANDINAVIA • The Reformation and Lutheranism spreads out of Germany and into 1. Denmark 2. Sweden 3. Norway

  7. THE ZWINGLIAN REFORMATION • Switzerland – 13 self governing cantons • ULRICH ZWINGLI = brings the Reformation to Switzerland • Relics and images abolished, paintings and decorations removed from churches, Mass replaced, music removed from services, monasticism abolished, worship of saints, abolished, pilgrimages abolished, clerical celibacy abolished, papal authority rejected • THE MARBURG COLOQUY 1529 • Swiss Civil/Religious War 1531

  8. THE RADICAL REFORMATION – THE ANABAPTISTS • The most radical/different of the Protestants • Rejected infant baptism/only adult baptism • Return to the spirit, practices of early church • Strict equality and democracy in church • Election of ministers • Complete separation of church and state • Refused to hold political office • Refused to serve in military

  9. DUTCH ANABAPTISM • MUNSTER -> “the New Jerusalem” • JOHN OF LEIDEN • MILLENARIANISM • Menno Simmons -> the Mennonites and Amish

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