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Solution and Suspension

Solution and Suspension. 8.1 Solution. Definition of solute: A substance which dissolves in a liquid is called a solute. Definition of solvent: A liquid which dissolves other substances is called a solvent. Definition of solution: A solute dissolves in a solvent to give a solution .

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Solution and Suspension

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  1. Solution and Suspension

  2. 8.1 Solution Definition of solute: A substance which dissolves in a liquid is called a solute. Definition of solvent: A liquid which dissolves other substances is called a solvent. Definition of solution: A solute dissolves in a solvent to give a solution. Thus, a solution is a homogeneous mixture in which one or more substances are dissolved in another substance.

  3. Thus, Solute + Solvent Solution Please note: 30 cm3 of solute + 50 cm3 of solvent is not equal to 80 cm3 of solution. Why? Answer: The particles of the solute are much smaller than that of the solvent. Thus when mixing, the solute particles take up the space between the solvent particles.

  4. How is a solution formed? When a solute dissolves in a solvent, the solute particles surround each solvent particles. The particles then intermix uniformly to form the solution. The solute and solvent particles do not combine chemically. • Types of Solution • There are four types of solution, namely: • Solid-liquid solution

  5. Types of Solution • There are five types of solution, namely: • Solid-liquid solution : sugar solution, salt solution • Gas-liquid solution : hydrochloric acid, soft drinks • Solid-solid solution : brass, bronze • Liquid-liquid solution: vinegar, beer, wine • Gas-gas solution : air, natural gas

  6. 8.2 Suspension What is a suspension? When a solid does not dissolve in a liquid, a suspension is formed. The solid is said to be insoluble. Definition of suspension: A suspension is a mixture of small insoluble particles in a liquid or gas. Examples of suspensions are calamine lotion, medicine and sea water.

  7. Why suspension appears cloudy or chalky?? Ans: This is because some particles are so light that they do not sink but remain floating Why suspension can be separated by filtration? Ans: This is because the solids are larger in size than the liquid particles and the holes in the filter paper.

  8. 8.3 Differences between Suspension and Solution

  9. 8.4 Limit to Dissolving For all solutions, there is a limit to the amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given amount of solvent at a given temperature. This limit depends on the solubility of the solute. Definition of saturated solution: A saturated solution contains the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in a fixed amount of solvent at a particular temperature.

  10. 8.5 Solubility Definition of solubility: The solubility of a solute is the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in 100g of solvent at a given temperature. The higher the solubility, the more soluble the substance.

  11. 8.6 Concentration of Solution The strength of a solution is referred to as concentration. Definition of concentration: The concentration of a solution is the amount of solute in 1 dm3 of solution. 1dm3 = 1000 cm3 A concentrated solution contains more solute particles in a fixed amount of solvent than a dilute solution.

  12. 8.6 Concentration of Solution A concentrated solution can be made more diluted by adding more solvent. E.g. to dilute a cup of orange juice, we can add more water. How can you make a more dilute solution more concentrated? • Add more solute. • Remove solvent by evaporating the solvent.

  13. 8.7 Factors that affect the extent of dissolving (a) Nature of solvent The solubility of a solute is different in different solvents. For instance, Iodine can dissolve in both water and alcohol. However, a greater amount of iodine can dissolves in alcohol than in water.

  14. 8.7 Factors that affect the extent of dissolving (b) Nature of solute Different solutes have different solubility in a solvent. For instance, If we try to dissolve table salt and baking powder separately using the same amount of water and at the same temperature, a greater quantity of table salt can be dissolved rather than baking soda.

  15. 8.7 Factors that affect the extent of dissolving (c) Temperature The higher the temperature of the solvent, the higher the solubility of the solute. For instance, In a solution containing water of 30°C, 5.0 g of salt can dissolved in it. However, in a solution containing water of 80°C, 12.0 g of salt can dissolved in it.

  16. 8.8 Factors that affect the rate of dissolving (a) Temperature Most solutes dissolve faster at higher temperature. For instance, A copper(II) sulphate crystals took 30s to dissolve in water of 40°C. The same amount of copper(II) sulphate took only 10 s to dissolve in water of 100°C.

  17. 8.8 Factors that affect the rate of dissolving (b) Rate of Stirring Solutes dissolve faster when the solution is stirred. For instance, Stirring of tea when sugar is added.

  18. 8.8 Factors that affect the rate of dissolving (c) Size of Solute Particles The larger the surface area, the faster the rate of dissolving. Smaller pieces of solute dissolve faster than larger piece solute because the smaller piece solute have a larger surface area in contact with the solvent than compared to the larger pieces of solute.

  19. 8.9 Importance and Uses of Solvents and Solutions Refer to Handouts

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