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Subjective Visual Vertical and Sense of Smell in Parkinson's Disease

This study aims to determine profiles of subjective visual vertical (SVV) perception and sense of smell perception in participants with Parkinson's disease (PD) and nondisabled controls. Nonmotor features among PD patients remain poorly understood in terms of their prevalence and onset. The study involved a cross-sectional observational approach with 47 PD participants and 47 age- and sex-matched controls. All subjects underwent computerized rod and frame (CRAF) tests to assess SVV perception and a University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test for olfactory perception. Results showed significant differences between PD participants and controls in both smell test performance and untitled frame performance in the CRAF test. However, there was no significant difference in titled frame performance. Interestingly, no correlation was found between correctly identified odors and SVV errors. Additionally, a negative correlation was observed between Mini-Mental State Examination score and time taken to complete the CRAF test among PD participants, suggesting a link between cognitive function and SVV errors. This study highlights the potential link between cognitive function and SVV errors in PD patients.

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Subjective Visual Vertical and Sense of Smell in Parkinson's Disease

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  1. Subjective visual vertical perception and sense of smell in Parkinson disease Ahmed Khattab, PhD; Sharon Docherty, PhD; Jeff Bagust, PhD; Robert Willington, MBBS; Peter Thomas, PhD; Khaled Amar, FRCP

  2. Aim • Determine profiles of subjective visual vertical (SVV) perception and sense of smell perception in participants with Parkinson disease (PD) and nondisabled controls. • Relevance • It is not fully understood whether nonmotor features are affected in all patients with PD and at what age.

  3. Methods • Open cross-sectional observational study. • 47 participants with PD. • 47 age- and sex-matched nondisabled controls. • All participants completed: • Computerized rod and frame (CRAF) test. • To examine perception of SVV. • 12-item University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test. • To examine olfactory perception.

  4. Results • Smell test performance: • PD participants and controls significantly differed. • Untilted frame in CRAF: • PD participants and controls significantly differed. • Tilted frame in CRAF: • PD participants and controls did not significantly differ. • No. correctly identified odors and individual’s SVV error: • No significant correlation. • Mini-Mental State Examination score and time to complete CRAF in PD participants: • Significant negative correlation.

  5. Conclusion • SVV errors might be more correlated with cognitive function than with loss of sense of smell.

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