1 / 34

Evolution of Drug Policies: From Heroin in 1898 to the War on Drugs Today

This article traces the history of drug policies from the introduction of heroin in 1898 as a nonaddictive cure for morphine addiction to the modern era of the War on Drugs. Explore key events and figures such as Sigmund Freud's cocaine discoveries, the establishment of the Bureau of Narcotics in 1930, the Marihuana Tax Act of 1937, and the formation of the Drug Enforcement Administration in 1973. Understand how these policies have shaped drug use, addiction treatment, and incarceration rates in the United States.

angelsnyder
Download Presentation

Evolution of Drug Policies: From Heroin in 1898 to the War on Drugs Today

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Heroin Introduced 1898 • Considered nonaddictive • Free samples by mail as “step down” cure for morphine addiction • Non-medical use banned 1924 • Medical use banned 1970

  2. Sigmund Freud Discovers Miracle Cure for Opioid Addiction

  3. An Effective Ophthalmologic Anesthetic and Vasoconstrictor Cocaine

  4. Freud Praises Cocaine "...you are simply normal, and it is soon hard to believe you are under the influence of any drug.... Absolutely no craving for the further use of cocaine appears after the first, or even after repeated taking of the drug..."

  5. Freud later ruefully admitted using cocaine to cure morphine addiction was "like trying to cast out the Devil with Beelzebub."

  6. Drug War History:A Snapshot CJ/PS 4535The War on Drugs a Dr. Matt presentation

  7. Significant Dates: • 1930: Bureau of Narcotics formed (Treasury Dept.) • Harry Anslinger, director • Close links to William Randolph Hearst (newspaper giant / timber guy), E.I.DuPont (paper giant), and Andrew Mellon (Sec. of Treasury and owner of Mellon Bank) • Launched campaign against the “killer weed” and “assassin of youth” marijuana • "Most marijuana smokers are Negroes, Hispanics, jazz musicians, and entertainers. Their satanic music is driven by marijuana, and marijuana smoking by white women makes them want to seek sexual relations with Negroes, entertainers, and others. It is a drug that causes insanity, criminality, and death -- the most violence-causing drug in the history of mankind." 

  8. Marijuana!!!

  9. Marijuana!!!

  10. Marijuana!!!

  11. Significant Dates: • 1937: Marijuana Tax Act • Required tax stamp to sell ($1) • Required laborious procedures to prescribe • Very tough sentences (“life” for selling to minor) • Bureau also wrote sample bill banning pot (adopted by 40 states) • Partly inspired by racist sentiment

  12. Consider:

  13. Significant Dates: • 1970: Narcotics Treatment Administration formed (President Nixon) • In part due to military addiction to heroin from Vietnam • Treatment received majority of funds • 1970: Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act • “Federalization” or “nationalization” of drug control • Created 5 drug schedules through Controlled Substances Act

  14. Significant Dates: • 1971: Nixon declares war on drugs • Most money for treatment • 1971: Operation Golden Flow • Required returning soldiers to take urine test

  15. Significant Dates: • 1972: Office of Drug Abuse & Law Enforcement (ODALE) formed (President Nixon) Coordinated task forces to reduce drugs and crime • Shifted focus to law enforcement approach • 1973: Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) • Primary federal agency involved in drug seizures and busts • 1978: Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act amended • Allowed for asset forfeiture

  16. Significant Dates: • 1981: US-Colombia treaty • Allowed extradition of traffickers to US • 1983: DARE founded in LA, California • Totally ineffective • 1984: Comprehensive Crime Control Act • Longer sentences and increased bail amounts for drug offenders • 1985: “Just Say No” (Nancy Reagan) • Totally ineffective

  17. Estimated 1.2 Million Opioid Addicts in U.S. • Increasing since 1991 Lucas GM. Buprenorphine in primary HIV care clinics: a big pill to swallow. The Hopkins HIV Report. 2004;16:5-7.

  18. Estimated 5.5 Million People Used Cocaine in the U.S. in 2005

  19. Meth Treatment Admission Per 100,000

  20. Meth Treatment Admission Per 100,000

  21. Meth Treatment Admission Per 100,000

  22. Impact of the War on Drugs on Incarceration in the United States

  23. President Nixon Declares The “War On Drugs”

  24. Congress Dramatically Increases Penalties For Drug Offenses

  25. A Nation of Prisoners The United States incarcerates more than six times as many people as does the entire European Union, which has 100,000,000 more people.

  26. Weekly Growth in Prison Population

  27. Costs of Drug Crime Continued to Climb The Economic Costs of Drug Abuse in the United States 1992 – 2002, Office of Drug Control Policy

  28. In Reality, Drugs Make Us Do Horrible Things

  29. “Meth Mouth”

More Related