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9-26-13 Starter:

9-26-13 Starter:. If you had to create a hypothesis to test your water at home, would you say it is hard or soft and why?. Water Quality Parameters. Temperature - Dissolved Oxygen (DO) - pH Alkalinity - Hardness Nitrates and Phosphates Turbidity. Temperature .

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9-26-13 Starter:

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  1. 9-26-13 Starter: If you had to create a hypothesis to test your water at home, would you say it is hard or soft and why?

  2. Water Quality Parameters • Temperature - Dissolved Oxygen (DO) - pH • Alkalinity - Hardness • Nitrates and Phosphates • Turbidity

  3. Temperature • Most aquatic organisms are cold-blooded and have an ideal temperature range • Affects the development of invertebrates and metabolism of organisms • Affects dissolved oxygen (warm water holds less oxygen)

  4. pH = -log [ H +] pH • pH scale ranges from 0-14 (0-6 acidic, 7 neutral, 8-14 basic) • Measures the degree of acidity or alkalinity of the water • Ideal pH for fish: 6.5-8.2 • Ideal for algae: 7.5-8.4 • Acidic water makes toxic chemicals more toxic than normal

  5. Phosphorous/ Specifically Phosphates • Phosphate (PO4)-3 naturally occurs in rocks and minerals • Necessary component for animal and plant growth • Natural sources of phosphorous: phosphorous-containing rocks • Human source: fertilizer and pesticide runoff • Can stimulate algal growth and bloom

  6. Nitrates • Formed by the process of nitrification – the addition of 02 to NH3 by bacteria • Naturally occuring in soil – ( NO3-) • Used by plants and algae • Mildly toxic, fatal at high doses • Large amounts (leaking sewer pipes, fertilizer runoff, etc.) can lead to algal blooms

  7. Dissolved Oxygen (DO) • Oxygen that is dissolved in the water • DO increases with cooler water and mixing of water • Nutrient overload can lead to algal blooms which = decrease DO • Expressed in parts per million (ppm) • 0 -4 ppm = bad • 5 -10 ppm = good

  8. Tyndall Effect • Scattering of light particles in a colloid (fine suspension of particles in a solution) • the phenomenon in which light is scattered by very small particles in its path; it makes a beam of light visible; the scattered light is mainly blue • Affects turbidity of water • Occurs after pollutants and or soil from runoff have been introduced into the water supply

  9. Turbidity • Measures cloudiness of things, in this case water • Due to plankton, chemicals, silt, etc. • Common causes: plankton, soil erosion (due to mining, logging, farming, construction) and algal blooms due to fertilizer runoff

  10. Turbidity Problems • Photosynthesis may be reduced or even stop • Algae and plants can die • Can clog gills of fish and shellfish can be fatal • Fish cannot see to find food but can hide better from predators

  11. Soft Water • Soft water: only ion is Sodium (Na+) - may taste salty and not be safe to drink - natural source: granite

  12. Hard Water • contains a substantial amount of dissolved minerals like calcium (Ca2+) and magnesium (Mg2+) • Negative effect on plumbing and makes some cleaning materials less effective • Natural source: limestone • Ex: San Antonio water

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