Chesapeake Bay: An Introduction to an Ecosystem Section 4: Communities II-1E1: Wetlands

1. Chesapeake Bay: An Introduction to an Ecosystem Section 4: Communities II-1E1: Wetlands View this quiz as a slide show from “the beginning” During the slide show, you can right click on any slide and choose pointer options then pen or highlighter to write on any slide. But you will need to right click & choose pointer options then arrow before you can click on any of the navigation links again. Click to Start

2. II-1E1-1 __________________ are environments subjected to periodic flooding or prolonged saturation, producing specific plant communities and soil types. Wetlands No hint Hint Answer Next Slide

3. II-1E1-2 hydrophytic Wetlands are characterized by __________ vegetation (water-loving plants adapted to wet soils) and __________ soils (saturated or periodically flooded soils). hydric No hint Hint Answer Next Slide

4. II-1E1-3 Name the two broad categories of wetlands in the Bay watershed. Tidal Nontidal or palustrine No hint Hint Answer Next Slide

5. II-1E1-4 palustrine Nontidal or ____________ wetlands are freshwater areas unaffected by the tides. No hint Hint Answer Next Slide

6. II-1E1-5 Name three factors that determine the specific plant and animal life a wetland can support. Salinity Substrate Frequency of flooding No hint Hint Answer Next Slide

7. II-1E1-6 Identify the tidal wetland vegetation True Spartina patens No hint Hint Answer Next Slide

8. II-1E1-7 Tidal wetlands are dominated by _______________ vegetation and are subjected to tidal flooding. herbaceous Another word for non-woody Hint Answer Next Slide

9. II-1E1-8 Name four vegetation that may dominate the high marsh zone. saltmeadowcordgrass black needlerush saltgrass marsh elder. No hint Hint Answer Next Slide

10. II-1E1-9 True or False: Freshwater marshes do not have low and high zones. False No hint Hint Answer Next Slide

11. II-1E1-10 Name four vegetations you may find along the water’s edge of a freshwater marsh. wild rice arrow arum pickerel weed pond lily No hint Hint Answer Next Slide

12. II-1E1-11 Name two plants that may be prevalent in the high zone of a freshwater marsh. cattail big cordgrass Freshwater marshes can be tidal Hint Answer Next Slide

13. II-1E1-12 Label the diagram No hint Hint Answer Next Slide

14. II-1E1-13 Name six trees commonly found in forested wetlands. red maple black gum river birch black willow Atlantic white cedar bald cypress No hint Hint Answer Next Slide

15. II-1E1-14 Name five plants that non-tidal wetlands frequently contain. Bulrush broad-leaved cattail jewel weed spike rushes sedges. No hint Hint Answer Next Slide

16. II-1E1-15 Forested wetlands, often referred to as __________, may have permanent standing water or may be seasonally flooded. swamps No hint Hint Answer Next Slide

17. II-1E1-16 Name three types of shrubs often present in forested wetlands. Willows Alders button bushes No hint Hint Answer Next Slide

18. II-1E1-17 True or False: Plant diversity, biochemical reactions and hydrology of wetland habitats make them extremely productive. true No hint Hint Answer Next Slide

19. II-1E1-18 The below-ground biomass in a wetland, composed of root and rhizome material, is often _______________ the above-ground biomass. more than double Almost half About the same more than double Hint – multiple choice Answer Next Slide

20. II-1E1-19 The huge biomass in a wetland contians a tremendous reservoir of nutrients and chemicals bound up in _____________and_________________. plant tissue sediments No hint Hint Answer Next Slide

21. II-1E1-20 Approximately 1.5 million acres of wetlands remain in the Bay watershed, less ______% of the wetlands that were here during colonial times. 50 10 25 50 75 Hint – multiple choice Answer Next Slide

22. II-1E1-21 Of the remaining wetlands, ____% are tidal and _____% are nontidal. 13 87 9/91 13/87 27/73 61/39 Hint – multiple choice Answer Next Slide

23. II-1E1-22 Explain how wetlands have been treated in the past & why. Often viewed as wastelands, wetlands were drained or filled for farms, residential developments, commercial buildings, highways and roads. No hint Hint Answer Next Slide

24. II-1E1-23 Name five types of wildlife that rely on wetlands for food and cover. Muskrats Beavers Otters Songbirds wading birds No hint Hint Answer Next Slide

25. II-1E1-24 Name seven of the thousands of aquatic animalsthat thrive in wetlands and are food for other organisms. Reptiles Amphibians Worms Insects snails Mussels tiny crustaceans No hint Hint Answer Next Slide

26. II-1E1-25 Fish and shellfish, many of which are commercially valuable, use wetlands as ___________ or _____________ areas. nursery spawning No hint Hint Answer Next Slide

27. II-1E1-26 wintering Tidal wetlands are the __________ homes for great flocks of migratory waterfowl. No hint Hint Answer Next Slide

28. II-1E1-27 ________________ plants and animals are the major food source for other wetland inhabitants Decomposing No hint Hint Answer Next Slide

29. II-1E1-28 A host of invertebrates feed on decomposing plants and animals. This nutrient rich ___________ is also available to juvenile stages of fish and crabs. detritus No hint Hint Answer Next Slide

30. II-1E1-29 In a wetland, a dense layer of microscopic plants and animals, including ___________ and ___________, coats the land surface and serves as food. bacteria algae No hint Hint Answer Next Slide

31. II-1E1-30 Explain why wetlands are important for controlling flood and storm waters. Fast-moving water is slowed by vegetation and temporarily stored in wetlands. The gradual release of water reduces erosion and possible property damage. Coastal wetlands absorb the erosive energy of waves, further reducing erosion. No hint Hint Answer Next Slide

32. II-1E1-31 Nutrients, carried to wetlands by tides, precipitation, runoff and groundwater, are trapped and used by wetland ____________. vegetation No hint Hint Answer Next Slide

33. II-1E1-32 Poised between land and water, wetlands act as _________, regulating the flow of sediments and nutrients into rivers and the Bay. buffers No hint Hint Answer Next Slide

34. II-1E1-33 As water runs off the land and passes through wetlands, it is filtered. Suspended solids, including sediment pollutants, settle and are trapped by ______________. vegetation No hint Hint Answer Next Slide

35. II-1E1-34 What are some ways humans benefit from wetlands? Economically, wetlands provide opportunities for fishing, crabbing and hunting. Other popular activities include hiking, bird-watching, photography and wildlife study. People are lured by the beauty of wetlands to enjoy the sights and sounds that these areas can offer. No hint Hint Answer Last Slide