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THE REFORMATION

THE REFORMATION. The Protestant Reformation. BACKGROUND. Early calls for reform (1300’s) John Wycliffe and John Huss denied the pope’s right to worldly power and that the Bible had more authority than Church leaders By the1490’s--- sermons called for reform. BACKGROUND.

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THE REFORMATION

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  1. THE REFORMATION The Protestant Reformation

  2. BACKGROUND • Early calls for reform (1300’s) • John Wycliffe and John Huss denied the pope’s right to worldly power and that the Bible had more authority than Church leaders • By the1490’s--- sermons called for reform

  3. BACKGROUND • Martin Luther era (1500’s) • criticizes a monk named John Tetzel for selling indulgences • An indulgence was the pardon for sins one may have committed • Tetzel gave people the idea they could buy their way into heaven

  4. Luther's Teachings • (1517) Luther writes The 95 Theses; formal statements attacking various church practices and inviting Church leaders to debate these issues • This was the beginning of the REFORMATION—call for religious reform

  5. Pope Leo X

  6. Luther's Teachings • It also resulted in the founding of Christian Churches that did not recognize the pope’s authority • 3 MAIN IDEAS • Salvation came through faith alone

  7. Luther's Teachings • 3 MAIN IDEAS (cont.) • All Church teachings should be based solely on the Bible—not the pope or Church traditions • All people were equal in faith - thus people did not need priests to interpret the Bible for them – they should do this on their own

  8. THE SPREAD OF PROTESTANTISM

  9. Swiss Reformers • Huldrych Zwingli • Theocracy in Zurich • John Calvin • Predestination • Calvinism

  10. Radical Reformers • Anabaptist • Baptize adult members • Fanaticals called Zelots • Ancestry of Anabaptist • Baptist, Mennonites, Amish

  11. Church of England • King Henry VIII • Catherine of Aragon • No male heir • 2. Anne Boleyn marriage denied by pope

  12. King Henry VIII (Continued) • 3. Broke from Catholic Church • 4. Act of Supremacy • 5. Sir Thomas More and others beheaded for treason

  13. King Edward VI • Son of Henry’s 3rd wife • Died in Teens • Queen Mary I • Restored Catholicism • Bloody Mary

  14. Queen Elizabeth I • Modified Church of England • Anglican Church = blend of Catholicism and Protestant • Radical Protestants = Puritans wanted to “purify” Catholic ideas out of C. of E.

  15. THE CATHOLIC REFORMATION

  16. Reaffirming Catholicism • The Council of Trent (20 years of meetings) • Salvation came through faith and good work • Allowed only one version of the bible • No more indulgences • Stricter rules for clergy (seminary school) • The Inquisition • Strengthened to stop protestant movement and humanism with in the church • Created the “INDEX”

  17. Reaffirming Catholicism (Continued) • The Arts • Masses preached in Latin • Baroque movement: stressed emotion • Spreading Catholicism • Ignatius of Loyola • Jesuits: Society of Jesus • Set up schools and helped poor • Teresa of Avila: Opened up convent

  18. A Divided Europe • Peace of Augsburg • Allows prince to choose faith • Protestant North • Catholic South • Calvinism in low countries • Anglican Church in England • Jews discriminated against • Religious wars and riots break out • St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre (3000 Huguenots/French Protestants killed)

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