GSC-14 Reconfigurable Radio Systems (RRS) TIA and PPSO Summary

1. Global Standards Collaboration (GSC) 14 GSC-14Reconfigurable Radio Systems (RRS)TIA and PPSO Summary Anil Kripalani, TIA

2. Reconfigurable Radios – The Problem - ITS • Reconfigurable Radios are a key technology solution in several application areas. • From an ITS Reconfigurable Radios perspective -Wireless standards change on average every 18 months, while average automobile design takes 3 years, and cars last an average of 10 years. • Without Radio Reconfiguration capability, different RF hardware has to be designed and provisioned per region, per function • Particularly severe constraint in vehicles – analog and digital audio, GPS tracking, WWAN/Internet, WWAN/Emergency Information Delivery, tolls/EZPass, key access, radar, BT, WLAN, etc. • Updates (critical or not) in any of the wireless technologies means cost. • Multimode Mobiles need to support different 3G/4G/WLAN/BT standards and 5+ frequency bands today, and more coming • Cost, power implications • Will get worse with future multipurpose broadband devices for converged WWAN/WLAN/PAN/BAN..

3. Reconfigurable Radios – The Problem - Public Safety • Reconfigurable Radios are a key technology solution in several application areas. • In Public Safety applications, Public Safety Users often have to communicate over a wide range of spectrum bands, and large geographic areas, but also need secure, resilient, inter-operable devices, and coverage in areas whether other radio devices typically do not work, or have marginal connectivity. • They also need to be easy to use, durable, long battery life, and work in high noise environments, where the User may have other life-supporting Personal Protective equipment and Clothing such as Masks, Air Tanks, Helmets, Gloves, etc., in place. • These are Mission-Critical applications where safety of life and property is at risk. • Cost and longevity of equipment, along with reliability and inter-operability are key factors for this segment which does not have economies of scale to drive down manufacturing costs.

4. Reconfigurable Radios – One View of the ITS Goal • Source: Presentation on SDR by Dr John Chapin of VANU Inc. at the Fully Networked Car Conference, Geneva, 5-7 March, 2008

5. Reconfigurable Radios - Rationale • Reconfigurable Radios (RRs) are expected to be upgradable in the field to support future communications standards and applicable spectral bands. • RR capable hardware is ‘software loaded’, i.e. customized, for destination at appropriate point in supply chain. • Some vendors have integrated RRs in deployed infrastructure and subscriber units already. • Key question – Whether labels such as RR, or Software Defined Radio (SDR) or Cognitive Radio (CR) are just a technology approach that can be used to deploy existing Radio Air Interface standards, or do RR/SDR/CR techniques themselves need standardization? or BOTH?

6. Key Interfaces – ITS/SDR Forum • The ITS industry and the SDR Forum are asking for a new “Digital IF” standard • Implies common baseband processor for multiple radios • Existing specifications - OBSAI, CPRI, DigRF - found not appropriate for automotive requirements • RF configuration /control is the challenge • The SDR Forum has significant activity in this area Frequency band flexibility is still a major limitation without Digital RF implementation

7. For ITS Applications GSC-13 asked the GSC ITS TF for a report • GSC-13 RES 14 Resolved: • 1) to endorse the continuation of the GSC ITS Task Force hosted by ITU-T APSC TELEMOV and requests the Task Force to: • . . . • d) recommend the scope for specific standards needed to enable Software Reconfigurable Radio (SRR) for automotive applications at the next GSC meeting; and • e) report on progress in each of these areas at the next GSC meeting; • . . .

8. What “IS” a SDR, CR, or RR device? • This question has been discussed in many fora over the last few years. • Do we use definitions from ITU, CEPT, EC, FCC, SDR Forum, or others? • Some argue that SDR technology is application /implementation specific and that standardization would stifle technology advancement. • Others advocate that Harmonized Standards already produced, or to be produced, would need to be reviewed where regulatory needs have to be satisfied. • If there is support for SOME standardization what needs to be standardized? What subject areas are suitable for standardization? • Some support standardization in Military Systems but are against standardization of Civil Systems.

9. Regulatory Aspects Since GSC-13 • In its “2nd Report and Order and Memorandum Opinion and Order” released November 14, 2008, in the FCC’s White Spaces proceedings, ET Docket Nos. 04-186 and 02-380, adopting rules for unlicensed devices to operate in the TV Broadcast band “White Spaces,” the FCC advised (para. 8) it was adopting a plan for fixed devices “similar to the provisions of the draft standard for [TV Band Devices] (“TVBDs”) under consideration by IEEE 802.22.” • See IEEE 802.22/D0.2 “Draft Standard for Wireless Regional Area Networks Part 22: Cognitive Wireless RAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications. • The FCC did note: “the IEEE 802.22 plan does not provide for fixed devices to communicate with personal/portable devices on a master/client basis.” • However, under the FCC Rules adopted in the Order, fixed TVBDs will be allowed to communicate with personal/portable devices operating independently or using a master/client model.

10. Regulatory Aspects Since GSC-13 • In that Order the FCC is also concerned with measurement techniques and ensuring that licensed services do not receive harmful interference. Footnote 143 notes: • With respect to its indoor measurements, the MSTV Study showed significant variations in the field strength of local TV stations in different rooms and outdoors at ground level at residential locations within the stations’ service areas, while at the same time reception was generally available on the homes’ DTV receiving system. See also Attachment to NAF Technical comments, “White Spaces Engineering Study: Can Cognitive Radio Technology Operating in the TV White Spaces Completely Protect Licensed TV Broadcasting?” Working Paper #16, (NAF Study) Mark Sturza and Farzad Ghazvinian, January 2007.

11. Regulatory Aspects Since GSC-13 • In its White Space Order, the FCC also provided for Equipment Certification Under A “Proof Of Performance” Standard. • At Para. 257 the FCC notes: • As indicated above, we are providing a special equipment certification procedure for approval of sensing only devices that demonstrate the ability to detect protected services with a high level of accuracy. In providing this procedure, we recognize that cognitive radio technology, including sensing, is in its nascent stage of development for commercial applications. Cognitive radio technology holds great promise for increasing . . . spectrum access to the benefit of consumers and businesses and we find it in the public interest to continue to encourage the development of this technology. (Emphasis added)

12. Some possible applications for TVDB devices SOURCE: TV Whitespace Tutorial Intro, March 10, 2009, Matthew Sherman, Affiliation – BAE Systems www.ieee802.org/802_tutorials/09-March/2009-03-10%20TV%20Whitespace%20Tutorial%20r0.pdf • Rural Broadband Deployment • Auxiliary Public Safety Communications • Educational and Enterprise Video Conferencing • Personal Consumer Applications • Mesh Networks • Security Applications • Municipal Broadband Access (Muni 2.0) • Enhanced Local Coverage and Communications • Fixed backhaul • Sensor aggregation / backhaul – e.g., for Smart Grid meter reading

13. Recent Activity - ETSI • As reported at GSC-13 ETSI created a Technical Committee for Reconfigurable Radio Systems (RRS) in January 2008 to study the feasibility of standardization related to Software Defined Radio (SDR) and Cognitive Radio (CR). • In its current report to GSC-14 ETSI notes Current Activities include: • Feasibility studies of standardization of SDR and CR; • SDR: focus on nodes as mobile devices and base stations, • CR: focus on functional architecture; • Liaisons with relevant regulatory bodies. • Definition issues (SDR, CR) settled: aligning with ITU-R work. • Substantial interest to start to standardize SDR and CR.

14. Recent Activity - ITU • Definition of SDR • There is general agreement to use the definition from Recommendation ITU-R M.1797 as the basis. • Working documents have evolved. • According to the updated working document towards draft CPM text of WRC-11 Agenda Item 1.19, the concepts of SDR and CRS are as follows: • Software defined radio (SDR): A radio transmitter and/or receiver employing a technology that allows the RF operating parameters including, but not limited to, frequency range, modulation type, or output power to be set or altered by software, excluding changes to operating parameters which occur during the normal pre-installed and predetermined operation of a radio according to a system specification or standard.

15. Recent Activity - ITU • Cognitive Radio System:A radio system employing technology that allows the system to obtain knowledge of its operational and geographical environment, established policies and its internal state; to dynamically and autonomously adjust its operational parameters and protocols according to its obtained knowledge in order to achieve predefined objectives; and to learn from the results obtained. • SOURCE: The 6th Meeting of the APT Wireless Forum, 31 March – 03 April 2009, Danang, Vietnam, Document AWF-6/INP-40

16. Recent Activity - ISAAC • ISACC has proposed to GSC-14 text for a Revision of the RESOLUTION on this HIS. • ISACC has also included the following in its input on Rural and Remote Broadband Services (RRBS), RESOLUTION GSC-14/21: • Considering “. . . . c) that many countries consider broadband delivery or Internet delivery as part of their infrastructure (A number of countries are investing in rural broadband as part of their economic stimulus programs).” • Resolves “. . . 7) to encourage the inclusion of smart radio technology in broadband services intended to operate in remote and rural areas to allow access to underutilized radio spectrum.”

17. Recent Activity - TIA • Relative to Reconfigurable Radios, TIA TR-8 focuses on Public Safety • Users in TR-8 have expressed a desire to look at SDR aspects, and a subcommittee was created years ago, TR-8.7, but has been relatively inactive. • The P25 Steering Committee continues to get reports on the SDR Forum, and continues to have interest. • Multiple bands are in use by systems for first responders • TR-8 Chair reported renewed interest in Software Defined Radio (SDR) work. • TIA TR-8 P25 Air Interface Standards have been deployed using SDR/CR/RRS-like technologies by at least three vendors since GSC-13.

18. Challenges • Digital IF interface specification (ITS) • Support for multiple radios, on plug and play basis, nearer term • Support for growing number of wireless standards • C2K, GSM/GPRS/EDGE, EV-DOrA, HSPA, LTE, WiMAX, 802.11x, 802.15.x, 802.16d, 802.20, etc as applicable) • Also BT2.x/3.x, Zigbee, UWB, NFC, new CAI for BAN profiles, etc. • Tunable filters and amplifiers, broadband antennas. • Digital RF for global frequency flexibility, (no need for ‘agility’?) • 450MHz/700MHz/850MHz/900MHz/GPS1.575GHz/Galileo1.278GHz/GLONASS/1.7GHz/1.8GHz/1.9GHz/AWS/2.3GHz/2.5GHz/3.3GHz/3.5GHz/4.9GHz/5.8GHz • low power, low footprint, in CMOS, hence low cost, RFICs • an implementation challenge, to achieve economies of scale. • FCC security requirement to prevent hacking to alter operating band.

19. Proposed Resolution- Revision • SDR-CR Resolution will likely need updating based on results reported at GSC-14 by GSC Members on the HIS Panel. • ISACC has provided a Contribution to be discussed at the Resolution Drafting group for this HIS.

20. Supplemental Slides

21. ANSI / ESOs Meeting • The subject of SDR was on the agenda for the ANSI/ESOs meeting in Washington, DC, September 2008 • Panel Discussion • GSC-13 SDR Results discussed by Jorgen Friis and Dan Bart • William Hurst of FCC provided a USA Regulatory perspective

22. Three ETSI reports have been approved: TR 102 680, “SDR architecture for mobile device” (published). TR 102 681, “Radio Base Station (RBS) Software Defined Radio (SDR) status”. TR 102 682, “Functional Architecture (FA), for the management and control of Reconfigurable Radio Systems. ETSI Deliverables since GSC-13 22 Geneva, 13-16 July 2009

23. ETSI Presentations since GSC-13 • ETSI Presentation: Towards standardization of Cognitive Radio, 1st IBBT-MIT Joint Workshop on Cognitive Radio Standardization & Markets 11 May 2009 – Brussels (Belgium), by Andrea Lorelli, ETSI RRS Technical Officer

24. P802.22 series for cognitive wireless RAN medium access control (MAC) and physical layer (PHY) specifications: policies and procedures for operation in the TV bands P1900 series under SCC 41, Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks, including terminology, analysis of interference and coexistence, spectrum access, architectural building blocks for distributed device decision making Recent Activity - IEEE

25. NIJ Support for Public Safety Applications • Multi-Band / Multi-Mode Radio for Public Safety Applications • A project supported by the National Institute of JusticeCommTech* organization. • www.ece.vt.edu/swe/chamrad/

26. SOURCE: TV Whitespace Tutorial Intro, March 10, 2009, Matthew Sherman, Affiliation – BAE Systems

27. IEEE Definitions of Dynamic Spectrum Access and Cognitive Radio • According to the P1900.1 Standard: - • Dynamic Spectrum Access is the real-time adjustment of Spectrum Utilization in response to changing circumstances and objectives. • Cognitive Radio is a type of Radio in which communication systems are aware of their environment and internal state and can make decisions about their radio operating behavior based on that information and predefined objectives.

28. SDR Forum February 2009 Tutorial at IEEE 802 • SDR Forum: A nonprofit “mutual benefit corporation” dedicated to: • “Promoting the success of next-generation radio technologies” • The perception of the SDR Forum’s 108 Member organizations: • – Supporting multiple air interface standards • – Enabling dynamic spectrum access and cognitive radio

29. Customers – Radio Manufacturers, Operators, Regulators Purpose – Presents a set of threats common to Software Reconfigurable Communication Devices – Presents a set of functional requirements for security mechanisms and counter measures that address this set Status – In Technical Committee Ballot – Project expected to complete by April meeting Next Steps – Profiles for specific markets Requirements List 1. Policy-driven behavior 2. Stakeholder-driven Policy 3. Device attestation 4. Protected download 5. Policy-compliant installation and instantiation 6. Run-time control 7. Resource integrity 8. Access control 9. Audit 10. Process separation 11. Implementation assurance 12. Supportive operations SDR Forum Tutorial February 2009“Securing Software Reconfigurable Communications Technology”