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Digital Video 101:

Digital Video 101:. Deciphering the Bits and Bytes of Online Video. Presented by: Gina (Cone) Krause, Matthew Haun , & Wendy Collins. Digital Video 101 Introduction. Wendy Collins

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Digital Video 101:

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  1. Digital Video 101: Deciphering the Bits and Bytes of Online Video Presented by: Gina (Cone) Krause, Matthew Haun, & Wendy Collins

  2. Digital Video 101Introduction Wendy Collins Wendy is currently the Vice President of Digital Strategy for Infobase Learning where she guides the direction of its online products and digital media solutions for the education and library markets. With more than 20 years of experience in the e-learning and online education industries, she has designed and developed interactive courseware and web-based content platforms for both Fortune 500 companies and education institutions. In her spare time, she is an avid sports fan and enjoys findings ways to integrate new and emerging technologies into every day life. Gina (Cone) Krause & Matthew Haun With a combined total of over 30 years in the audio-visual, information technology and educational media sectors, the founders of Learning CORE provide customized streaming media services and solutions specifically tailored to the needs of education. Learning CORE has three guiding principles. The first is keep things simple. The second, do only things you love to do. And the third, which is best explained by a quote from the former Chairman and CEO of Deere & Company, that says “great companies have a sense of purpose that goes deeper than the bottom line.”

  3. Attendees of this session will learn: The basics/best practices of digital video encoding The basics/best practices of digital video formats The basics/best practices of digital video delivery options Common terms and acronyms related to digital video Critical lessons learned from specific case studies Where to find additional information about digital video Digital Video 101Introduction Session Objectives

  4. MPEG Digital Video 101Introduction Video Timeline 2009 2005 2011 ‘60’s-70’s ’70’s-80’s ‘90’s- 2000’s 2003 Improved Accessibility Increased Technical Complexity

  5. Digital Video 101Introduction Digital Video Workflow Step 2: Encode Files Step 1: Produce a Great Video Step 3: Store Files Step 4: Deliver a Great Video to Any Device

  6. Do Not Try This Unsupervised Don’t Be Afraid of Technology Ask Lots of Questions Take the Plunge! Digital Video 101Introduction Words of Wisdom

  7. Digital Video 101Digital Video Encoding Encoding

  8. Digital Video 101Digital Video Encoding Buzzwords • Bandwidth: The maximum amount of data a transport channel can handle. Think- maximum number of cars that a highway can accommodate at a given location in one minute. • Bitrate: A quantity of data over a specific period of time. Think-number of cars on a highway passing a given point in one minute.. • CODEC: Stands for COder/DECoder. A schema for the compression and playback of a video file. Examples include Windows Media, Flash (FLV), and MPEG4.

  9. Digital Video 101Digital Video Encoding Basics • What Is Encoding? • The process of making a video file smaller. • Or…. The process of converting analog-based media into a digital format. • Why Encode? • To make a video file compatible with various playback and delivery platforms.

  10. Digital Video 101Digital Video Encoding Basics • How to Encode? • Mac-based Software • PC-based Software • Enterprise Encoding Solutions • Cloud-based Encoding Solutions

  11. Digital Video 101Digital Video Encoding Buzzwords • Frame Rate • Frame Types • I-Frame (Key Frame) • P-Frame • B-Frame

  12. Balance Quality vs. File Size Know your audience Iowa farmer or Seattleite / Mobile or Desktop user? Know your delivery platform Before encoding, know what streaming technology is utilized. Trial and error Adjust encoding parameters to subject matter. Talking head vs. a close up shot of fire. Digital Video 101Digital Video Encoding Best Practices

  13. Digital Video 101Digital Video Formats Formats

  14. Which format is the “right” one for you? Digital Video 101Digital Video Formats Basics & Buzzwords

  15. CODECS vs. Containers (File Extension) Master Source “CODECS”: MPEG2, H.264, On2VP7 Master Source “Containers”: .AVI, .MOV Distribution “Containers”: .RM, .WMV, .FLV,. MP4 Digital Video 101Digital Video Formats Basics & Buzzwords = H.264 Video CODEC + AAC Audio CODEC

  16. Common Formats Today Digital Video 101Digital Video Formats Basics & Buzzwords

  17. Future Formats? Digital Video 101Digital Video Formats Basics & Buzzwords

  18. Common Video Players Digital Video 101Digital Video Formats Basics & Buzzwords

  19. Digital Video 101Digital Video Formats Case Study DISTRIBUTION FILES SOURCE FILES DIGITAL MASTER FILES

  20. Create a high quality digital master file format Don’t fall in love with a single format Buy more storage than you think you will need Consider Open formats vs. Proprietary formats Compatibility is key Digital Video 101Digital Video Formats Best Practices

  21. Digital Video 101Digital Video Delivery Delivery

  22. CDN (Content Delivery Network): A network, or that portion of a network, built specifically to speed the delivery of Web-based content across the public Internet or private intranets. Digital Video 101Digital Video Delivery Basics & Buzzwords

  23. Progressive Download (also known as HTTP Streaming or Pseudo Streaming): A method of delivery that describes the download process of video files, which allows a user to view a file’s contents before the download has been completed. True Streaming (also known as RTMP Streaming): Video that is streamed from a Streaming Media Server, to a Player that is not locally stored in the users’ cache, or anywhere on the clients’ hard drive. Adaptive Streaming: Adaptive Streaming allows the user to see the best quality video based on the users’ available bandwidth. Digital Video 101Digital Video Delivery Basics & Buzzwords

  24. Before You Can Choose the Best Delivery Method You Must Answer Two Main Questions: Storage Hosted Storage (Turn Key) Local Storage Methods of Delivery Progressive Download True Streaming Adaptive Streaming Digital Video 101Digital Video Delivery Basics & Buzzwords

  25. Question 1: Where you will store your content? Local Solutions: Talk to your IT department about what options they can offer. In some cases, your institution may use a combination of local and hosted solutions. Start with a few files and see if this works best for your users. Digital Video 101Digital Video Delivery Process and Reasoning

  26. Question 1: Where you will store your content? Hosted Solutions: Implies that the media is stored off –site. Examples of hosted solutions include, but are not limited to: CDNs such as Akamai, Limelight, Amazon, Google, YouTube and others. Most smaller CDNs rely on the larger companies named above, or… Digital Video 101Digital Video Delivery Process and Reasoning

  27. When using a Hosted Solution… Cut through the hype : Look beyond the sales pitch to be sure the service you get meets your needs. Remember bandwidth and budget limitations. There is no right answer, each option has pros and cons. Digital Video 101Digital Video Delivery Best Practices

  28. Where you will store your content? Hosted Solutions: Finding a Hosting Provider: Estimate your content storage and # of simultaneous users per term. Know your budget. Ask to test the providers services. Negotiate rates with several service providers. Digital Video 101Digital Video Delivery Process and Reasoning

  29. How will you deliver your content? Progressive Download, True Streaming, or Adaptive Streaming? Main difference between true streaming and progressive download is how the content is received and stored by the end user’s device that is accessing the content. Adaptive streaming allows for optimum delivery based on the user’s bandwidth. The mode you choose may have significant impact on how you produce your files. Digital Video 101Digital Video Delivery Process and Reasoning

  30. Progressive Download (HTTP Streaming/Pseudo Streaming) Digital Video 101Digital Video Delivery Basics & Buzzwords Viewer’s Computer HTTP Web Server The entire video is stored on a viewer’s hard drive. This presents security risks to the content, as well as the inability to immediately seek a specific portion of a program.

  31. True Streaming ( also known as RTMP Streaming) Digital Video 101Digital Video Delivery Basics & Buzzwords Viewer’s Computer Streaming Media Server The video is NOT stored on a viewer’s hard drive as it’s immediately discarded after playback. This greatly improves security as well as offering the viewer immediately seek access to a specific portion of a program.

  32. Adaptive Streaming Digital Video 101Digital Video Delivery Basics & Buzzwords Viewer’s Computer Streaming Media Server First Step – Determine viewer’s available bandwidth.

  33. Adaptive Streaming - continued Digital Video 101Digital Video Delivery Basics 250Kbps 400Kbps 800Kbps 1,500Kbps etc….. Viewer’s Computer Second Step – Based upon bandwidth audit, deliver the video file best suited to the viewer’s internet connection. Streaming Media Server Adaptive streaming allows for the switching of a video stream based on viewer connection speed variables.

  34. “Talk the Talk” - Educate yourself on the terminology used. Get first-hand advice: Get recommendations from colleagues on who and what they use. Every situation is unique, and defining your needs will help you make better decisions on what solution (or combination thereof) is best for you. Start with a solution that is scalable. Digital Video 101Digital Video Delivery Best Practices

  35. Digital Video 101Key Resources Resources

  36. Talk to colleagues from the National Media Market, CCUMC or LearningCORE. Experience digital video as a content consumer “The Business of Streaming & Digital Media” by Dan Rayburn & Michael Hoch (April, 2007) “Video Compression for Flash, Apple Devices and HTML5” by Jan Ozer (May, 2011) Digital Video 101Key Resources Getting Started

  37. Streamingmedia.com Videohelp.com Streaminglearningcenter.com CreativeCow.net – Forums Lynda.com Google is your friend! Digital Video 101Key Resources Websites

  38. Streaming Media East/West Conference DV Expo Conference NAB Conference Digital Video 101Key Resources Conferences

  39. Digital Video 101Top 10 Lessons Learned Know the basics and the buzzwords Know your users Balance quality and file size Garbage In, Garbage Out Keep it simple Start small, but build a scalable solution (Think Big!) Start with test files Don’t be afraid to make mistakes! Ask questions Ask more questions!

  40. Digital Video 101Questions Any Questions?

  41. Digital Video 101Contact Us Wendy Collins Phone: 212-896-4359 E-mail: wcollins@infobaselearning.com Gina (Cone) Krause & Matt Haun Phone: 843.321.9741 E-mail: info@learningcore.net

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