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Science of Life-Span Development

Science of Life-Span Development. Definitions Psychoanalytic theories Cognitive theories Behavioral/Social Cognitive Ethological theories Ecological theories Research methodology. Definitions of….

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Science of Life-Span Development

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  1. Science of Life-Span Development Definitions Psychoanalytic theories Cognitive theories Behavioral/Social Cognitive Ethological theories Ecological theories Research methodology

  2. Definitions of… Theory: A theory is an interrelated, coherent set of ideas that helps to explain and to make predictions. Hypothesis: A hypothesis is a specific assumption or prediction that can be tested to determine its accuracy

  3. Psychoanalytic Theories Sigmund Freud Personality Psychosexual development Oral (0-1) Anal (1-3) Phallic (3-6) Latent (6-12) Genital (12+)

  4. Psychoanalytic Theories Erik Erikson: Eight stages of development • Trust v. Mistrust (0-1) • Autonomy v. Shame/Doubt (1-3) • Initiative v. Guilt (3-5) • Industry v. Inferiority (5-11) • Identity v. Role Confusion (11-22) • Intimacy v. Isolation (22-40) • Generativity v. Stagnation (40-65) • Integrity v. Despair (65+)

  5. Cognitive Theories Piaget’s cognitive development theory Vygotsky’s sociocultural cognitive theory The information-processing approach

  6. Behavioral and Social Cognitive Theories These theories believe that scientifically we can only study what can be directly observed and measured. They also believe that development is observable behavior that can be learned through experience with the environment.

  7. Ethological Theory Behavior is strongly influenced by biology. Behavior is tied to evolution. Behavior is characterized by critical periods. European zoologist Konrad Lorenz (1903-1989) identified imprinting. John Bowlby theorized about attachment.

  8. Ecological Theory Developed by Urie Bronfenbrenner. Consists of 5 environmental systems: The Microsystem The Mesosystem The Exosystem The Macrosystem The Chronosystem

  9. Research Methods Observation Laboratories vs. naturalistic settings Interviews and Questionnaires Case Studies Standardized Tests Life-History Records Animal Research Correlational research Experimental research

  10. Definitions of… Independent variables Dependent Variables Experimental group Control Group Random assignment

  11. Experiment example…

  12. Research Challenges Ethics Gender Ethnicity and Culture

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