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American Federalism

American Federalism. Timeline—Government . Pre-Revolutionary War. 1760s—With Great Britain’s victory over France in the French and Indian War, King George III issues a series of Acts intended to tax colonists to pay off debt from the war Sugar Act Stamp Act Townshend Acts

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American Federalism

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  1. American Federalism Timeline—Government

  2. Pre-Revolutionary War • 1760s—With Great Britain’s victory over France in the French and Indian War, King George III issues a series of Acts intended to tax colonists to pay off debt from the war • Sugar Act • Stamp Act • Townshend Acts • Colonists react by trying to petition Parliament to repeal the Acts • Then, they begin to protest or boycott goods that are taxed such as paper goods (Stamp Act)

  3. Boston Tea Party • 1770s—Parliament issues a tax on tea (The Tea Act) • Colonist resistance culminates in Boston with the Sons of Liberty boarding an East India Company ship and destroying all of its shipments of tea • Many colonists believed that they lacked legal representation in the British Parliament: “No taxation without representation”

  4. Intolerable Acts • Named Coercive Acts issued by British Parliament to stop colonial protests and restore order after the Boston Tea Party • Purpose: to punish colonists, those specifically in Mass. for destroying the tea and money wasted • Colonist Reaction: violation of British Constitutional rights and natural rights • Effects: • Boston’s port was closed • Limited governmental activities in Mass. • Allowed accused royal officials to move trial locations • Allowed the governor to quarter British soldiers in unoccupied buildings

  5. First Continental Congress (1774) • Intolerable Acts were intended to isolate radicals like the Sons of Liberty; It backfired and created sympathies from other colonies for Mass. • 12 of 13 colonies’ representatives (No Georgia) met in Philadelphia to discuss issues with British rule • Results: • They decided to boycott British products (Continental Association) to reverse the Intolerable Acts • Also pledged support and aid for Mass. if attacked

  6. Battles at Lexington & Concord (1775) • Officially recognized as the start of the American Revolutionary War • All colonies (not Georgia) became involved because of the Continental Association

  7. Second Continental Congress • Reconvening of the first members to take on the war effort • Voted to create a Continental Army with George Washington as its commander

  8. Olive Branch Petition • Delegate, Thomas Jefferson, drafted a petition to British Parliament to reconcile with King George III • Re-written by delegate, John Dickinson, stating that they wanted to avoid war and create new trade and taxation terms to alleviate tension with the British….not independence • A letter from John Adams, another delegate suggested discontent with the petition and stated war with Britain was inevitable • Petition was rejected on grounds that it was insincere (because of Adams’ letter)

  9. Second Continental Congress • No legal authority to govern as central government of the colonies • Wasn’t able to move forward with independence without authorization from each colony

  10. The Road to Independence • Virginia called for an official declaration of independence, formation of foreign alliances, and confederation of states • International pressure to form alliances abroad meant finding a way to prove the Continental Congress credible and independent = Declaration of Independence & Articles of Confederation

  11. Declaration of Independence (1776) • A statement issued by Continental Congress to the world stating and explaining that the United States of America is independence • Drafted by Thomas Jefferson and company • Included the colonial grievances of King George to justify independence and the right to revolution

  12. The Revolutionary War (1775-1783) • War began between the 13 Colonies & Great Britain • After persuading France to intervene on the side of the colonies, the sides were then evenly matched • SPOILER: The Americans win! • Results in recognition of American Independence by European powers (Old World)

  13. Articles of Confederation • An agreement made between the 13 colonies that created a system of government, a confederation, and acted as the country’s first constitution • Drafted by Continental Congress around 1776-1777 • Ratified by all states in 1781

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