1 / 32

CONSCIOUSNESS

CONSCIOUSNESS. Did you know. World Record – Longest period of time a human has intentionally gone without sleep (no stimulants) Randy Gardner (1964) 17-years old 264 Hours (11 days) Held Press Conference on last day – spoke without slurring

anise
Download Presentation

CONSCIOUSNESS

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. CONSCIOUSNESS

  2. Did you know... • World Record – Longest period of time a human has intentionally gone without sleep (no stimulants) • Randy Gardner (1964) 17-years old • 264 Hours (11 days) • Held Press Conference on last day – spoke without slurring • Health was monitored – negative cognitive & behavioral changes were reported • After falling asleep – slept 14 hours, 40 minutes.

  3. Facts • Although some people insist they NEVER dream, research suggests EVERYONE dreams during the night • In sleep labs, people wakened from REM periods report 80-100% were dreaming w/ vivid & colorful images (even bizarre)

  4. Consciousnessrefers to different levels of awareness of one’s thoughts and feelings • Alertness to nonalertness • Not completely aware = altered state • i.e. sleep

  5. FREUD’S LEVELS OF CONSCIOUSNESS

  6. SLEEP

  7. NREM NREM NREM NREM

  8. There are two (2) major types of sleep REM sleep, a stage of sleep characterized by rapid eye movements, a high level of brain activity, a deep relaxation of the muscles and dreaming This is the time when we will dream. “Active sleep” 15 minutes (beginning of night) to 45 minutes (end of night) Your voluntary muscles are paralyzed.

  9. NREM sleep. This stands for non-rapid eye movement and is the other type of sleep. Where we spend the majority of our sleep time Divided into 4 stages (first four) Decreases in length as nights’ sleep progresses. “Quiet sleep”

  10. HOW MUCH SLEEP DO I NEED?

  11. WHAT HAPPENS IF I DON’T GET SLEEP? • It can affect immune system • It can cause you to hallucinate • You will have less energy • Your cognitive performance can be affected

  12. Texting and sleep • 2010 Research – Average teen sends more than 100 texts per day • Major cause of sleep deprivation in teens • Texts may awaken you and decrease sleep • Playing games on your phone before bed can prevent sleep • Study showed that 77.5% of teens that text or surf web at night have trouble falling asleep • Can cause mood, behavior, and cognitive problems during the day including ADHD, anxiety, depression

  13. CIRCADIAN RHYTHM 24-hour biological clock; genetically programmed; regulates physiological responses Disrupting the circadian rhythm causes problems Sleep is regulated by environment/industrial clock, NOT your circadian rhythm POTENTIAL PROBLEMS?

  14. Problems that can result from disrupting the circadian clock • Accidents (body prepared for sleep, trying to stay awake to drive, alertness decreases) • Jet lag • illness

  15. Your circadian rhythm for body temperature influences your sleep preferences

  16. Treating Circadian Problems • Melatonin - supplements have been proven to help people sleep

  17. DREAMS Everybody dreams Often incorporate everyday activities into dreams FREUD (Dream interpretation): Dreams have hidden meaning/reveal the unconscious • MANY DREAM THEORIES: • problem-solving theory • mental housecleaning/clean brain • extending waking life

  18. Sleep Disorders

  19. NIGHTMARES & NIGHT TERRORS Nightmares – unpleasant dreams occur during REM Night terrors – sleep disruptions in stage IV; involve screaming, panic, confusion; often no memory of it SLEEPWALKING Most common in young children – will outgrow it Linked to stress, fatigue, drug use

  20. Sleep Disorders • Usually troublesome but highly treatable disorders - sleep is normal once it begins • Insomnia: sleeping less than one wishes to • Sleep-onset disorder - difficulty falling asleep when desired • Early-awakening insomnia – waking up too early or several times during night

  21. Sleep Disorders • Narcolepsy – rare sleep disorder • Effects one-half of 1%, impact is quite serious • Person suddenly, unexpectedly falls asleep during any activity or event • Dream sleep but not REM sleep • Affects those getting adequate sleep

  22. Sleep Disorders • Sleep apnea – sudden, temporary interruption of breathing during sleep • Interruptions last longer than 20 seconds • Common in overweight and older adults • Causation may be • Too much relaxation of throat muscles • Temporary cessation of brain signals for breathing

  23. Altered States of Consciousness • General characteristics • Distortions of perception • Intense positive emotions • Sense of unity • Illogical • Indescribable • Transcendent • Self-evident reality Types of states • Meditation • During drug use • Moment of religious conversion • Unusual intense sexual orgasm

  24. Altered States • Meditation • Roots in Buddhism • Many varieties of meditation • Simplest – relax, concentrate on breathing • Mantras – silent repetition of sounds or words with special meaning have calm effect • Transcendental state – achieved, desired altered state of consciousness • Natural remedy for stress-related problems

  25. Altered States • Mindfulness - focus awareness on present • Example: father concentrates on children, blocks out thoughts of work and other events • Mindfulness training may reduce mood disturbance during stressful experiences • Not all benefit from intense focusing on present • Psychologists have great interest in this

  26. Altered States • Hypnosis • Hypnotist’s voice talks or lulls person into altered state of consciousness • Typical characteristics • Relaxation • Hypnotic hallucinations • Hypnotic analgesia • Hypnotic age regression • Hypnotic control

  27. HYPNOSIS state of consciousness resulting from a narrowed focus of attention and characterized by heightened suggestibility USES: • entertainment • pain reduction • quit smoking

  28. MEDITATION The focusing of attention to clear one’s mind and produce relaxation USES: • lower blood pressure, heart rate • benefits vary greatly

  29. DRUGS & CONSCIOUSNESS PSYCHOACTIVE DRUGS: chemicals that affect the nervous system and result in altered states • Stimulants: elevate mood, increase energy & alertness • caffiene • cocaine • Meth • Depressants: slow down nervous system • alcohol • sleeping pills • Hallucinogens: change persons perception of reality • marijuana • LSD

  30. MARIJUANA & ALCOHOL • Marijuana • the dried leaves and flowers of Indian hemp (cannabis sativa) that produce altered states of consciousness • effects vary from person to person, situation to situation • studies suggest more dangerous to lungs than cigarette • disrupts memory formation • psychological addiction? • Alcohol • can loosen inhibitions • despite stimulating effect is a depressant • Can cause brain and liver damage • underage drinking has actually decreased

More Related