Religion in the Ba roque Perio d

1. Religion in the BaroquePeriod Raising of Lazarus, Caravaggio

2. Reformation in Catholic Church St. Ignatius Loyola, Francisco De Zurbaran Spiritual Exercises, Ignatius Loyola The Protestantism reformation had gained immense power since Martin Luther began his crusade against the Catholic Church in 1517. In response, seeing all the power that is had lost, in 1540 the Catholic Church began its own reformation. Heading the reformation was Ignatius Loyola, founder of the Jesuits.

3. Spread of Catholicism Catholic missionaries of the monastic orders traveled extensively outside of Europe. The Catholic missionaries had the largest, longest lasting success in the Spanish colonies of the New World. To this day Catholicism in the primary religion in that part of the world. Catholicism had taken such an effect, that missionaries of other faiths never had much influence. The Jesuit order made initial progress in converting many of the populace in both China and Japan. The conversion in Asia was however short lived. In China conflict arose over Confucian rites and in Japan, Catholics began to be seen as seditious. The Virgin of Guadalupe The Catholics of the New World developed their own concepts of the faith, including the dark skin Virgin pictured above.

4. Council of Trent Niceno-ConstinopleCreed declared as basis of faith Reaffirmed all 7 sacraments Cleared up definition of original sin and its consequences Old and New Testament canon fixed Declared Luther’s doctrine for justification by faith alone incorrect Council of Trent, Titian Guidelines set for to eliminate abuses by clergy Preaching to laity emphasized Intellectual life among clergy encouraged

5. Effects of the Catholic Reformation The fervent mysticism of the Catholic Reformation can be seen in the literature and art of the 16th and 17th centuries. The Visions of St. Teresa are full of the passion of the religion of the age. “May what was said be of help that the true servant of God might pay no attention to the scarecrows the devils set up in order to cause fear.” The Ecstasy of St. Teresa, Bernini The Italian Baroque artists worked to create animated portrayals of biblical scenes which draw the viewer into the scene as if they are a participant in the story. JudithSlayingHolofernes,Gentileschi

6. Baroque Protestantism Ascension, Rembrandt

7. The King James Bible James I of England wanted to create and “authorized” English version of the bible. He commissioned the creation of the King James Bible which was published in 1611. The language of the King James version of the Bible is indicative of the poetic language of the Baroque, the language of Shakespeare and Donne. King James the I of England, Paulus Van Somer King James Bible, 1611

8. Religious Fervor in Northern Baroque arts The great influence of the zealous Protestantism can be seen in every part of the Northern Baroque culture, from its literature and art to its music. Both great poets of this period, John Donne and John Milton, author of Paradise Lost were both greatly inspired by their protestant faiths, there works being of a very personal religious nature. The greatest composer of the Northern Baroque, Johann Bach, was inspired in his compositions by religious sermons. John Donne, Isaac Oliver Johann Sebastian Bach, Elias GottlobHaussman