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Cell Structure

Cell Structure. L3 Biology Chapter 1 Section 2. What is a cell?. Smallest unit of life that can carry out all the functions of a living thing. Various sizes and shapes Organism- living thing Unicellular multicellular. Microscope Development. 1665 – Robert Hooke named cell

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Cell Structure

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  1. Cell Structure L3 Biology Chapter 1 Section 2

  2. What is a cell? • Smallest unit of life that can carry out all the functions of a living thing. • Various sizes and shapes • Organism- living thing • Unicellular • multicellular

  3. Microscope Development • 1665 – Robert Hooke named cell • 1674 – Anton von Leeuwenhoek - looked at cells in pond water and blood and published his observations

  4. Cell Theory Developed • 1838 – Schleiden – all plants are made of cells • 1839 – Schwann – all animals are made of cells • 1855 – Virchow – all cells come from pre-existing cells

  5. Modern Cell Theory • Cells are the basic units of all life. • All organisms are made of one or more cells • All cells come from pre-existing cells

  6. Microscopes • Hand lens • Compound light microscope

  7. Cells from Labs:

  8. Electron Microscope • Uses electrons for energy source • Specimen must be killed • Transmission electron microscope(TEM) – take pictures of slices of specimen

  9. TEM Examples

  10. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) – • take pictures of surface of specimen

  11. SEM Examples

  12. Prokaryotic Simple cell No membrane-bound organelles Chromosome not contained in nucleus Small cells Ex - bacteria Eukaryotic Complex cell Membrane-bound organelles Chromosomes contained in nucleus Larger cells Ex – all other organisms Types of Cells

  13. BASIC CELL STRUCTURES • Cell Membrane – Double layer of lipids (fats) that lets stuff in and out of cell

  14. Cytoskeleton • Cell support • Anchors organelles • Transports materials • Helps cell move

  15. Nucleus • Control center of cell • Contains Chromosomes • Humans have 46 in each cell • Made of DNA - control heredity - control protein synthesis • Surrounded by double membrane – nuclear membrane

  16. Cell Membrane

  17. Nucleolus • Within nucleus • May be more than one • Makes ribosomes • Rich in RNA

  18. Cellular Organelles – small, specialized structures in the cell

  19. Ribosomes • Make proteins • Some are free, some are attached to endoplasmic reticulum. • Smallest organelles

  20. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) • Transports materials through the cytoplasm • Rough ER – have ribosomes attached • Transport proteins • Helps make membranes • Smooth ER – no ribosomes attached • Makes lipids • Detoxifies wastes

  21. Golgi Body • Packages cell secretions • Makes lysosomes • Contain digestive enzymes for breaking down food in food vacuoles and old, worn out structures – ex – sperm tail after fertilization.

  22. Mitochondrion • Site of cellular respiration – food is broken down to release energy.

  23. Structures used for Movement • Cilia • Flagella

  24. Eukaryotic Cells include Plant and Animal Cells ANIMAL CELL STRUTURE

  25. Plant cells have some parts that animal cells don’t • Cell Wall • Central Vacuole • Plastids • Chloroplasts • Leukoplasts • chromoplasts

  26. What animal cells have that plant cells don’t • Centrioles – function during cell division • Lysosomes – contain digestive enzymes

  27. Now you are ready to have a test on parts of a cell and what they do: • Make a chart like below: Cell part appearance function Cell membrane Cytoplasm Etc.

  28. In addition, you should be able to name some differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells Make a chart like this: Feature Prokaryotic Eukaryotic

  29. THE END

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